离子液体在金属-空气电池中的应用研究进展

Application of ionic liquid in metal-air battery

金属-空气电池能量密度大、成本低、无污染、可循环利用,是新能源汽车领域技术发展的重要方向.离子液体具有高的热稳定性、宽的电化学窗口、可以忽略的蒸气压、易于循环利用、无毒等优点,成为金属-空气电池研究中崭新的液体介质.将离子液体作为电解液应用于金属-空气电池体系,有望解决传统溶液体系存在的能量转化效率低、电解液干涸等技术难题,是一种极具研究价值的绿色新工艺.常见的金属负极有锂、锌、镁、铝、钠和硅.本文综述了离子液体作为电解液在这6种金属-空气电池中的应用研究进展和面临的挑战,并对其未来的发展方向进行了展望.

Metal-air battery is an important direction in the field of electric vehicle technology development since it has high energy density, low cost, no pollution and can be recycled. Ionic liquid becomes a new kind of electrolytes in the field of metal-air battery since it has high thermal stability, wide electrochemical window, negligible vapor pressure and can be recycled easily. The problems existing in the traditional solution system such as the low energy conversion efficiency and electrolyte evaporation, are expected to be solved if the ionic liquids are used as electrolyte in metal-air battery. The common anodes of metal-air battery are lithium （Li）, zinc （Zn）, magnesium （Mg）, aluminum （A1）, sodium （Na） and silicon （Si）. In this paper, progress and challenges in the application of ionic liquids as electrolyte in these six kinds of metal-air batteries and its future development direction are discussed.