负载型离子液体的研究进展及发展趋势

Recent advances and development of supported ionic liquids

离子液体作为一类新型绿色介质,具有低熔点、难挥发、宽电化学窗口、结构可调等特性.负载型离子液体将离子液体与不同种类载体结合,维持其流动或结构特性,具有高活性、高选择性、易回收、降低工艺能耗等优点,突破传统离子液体在工业应用中的限制,为实现离子液体规模化应用提供新方法.本文总结了负载型离子液体近年来的研究进展,介绍了负载型离子液体的分类及浸渍法、键合法、溶胶-凝胶法等常用的制备方法;阐述了其筛选预测模型及在模拟计算中的研究进展;论述了负载型离子液体在催化、分离中的应用进展;讨论了负载型离子液体未来的发展趋势.

Ionic liquids （ILs）, as a new class of green medium, have unique properties, such as low melting point, low vapor pressure, wide electrochemical window, adjustable structures. Supported ILs, combined of ILs with different kinds of carriers, retain original fluidity or structural characteristics of ILs. They are highly reactive, highly selective, easy to recycle and low-energy consuming, which break the traditional restriction of ILs in industrial applications and provide new routes for large-scale application of ILs. This review summarized the recent progress of supported ILs and introduced their classification and preparation methods including impregnation, covalent binding and sol-gel method. Then the screening-predicting model and recent advances of calculation are elaborated. Finally, the application progress of supported ILs in catalysis and separation and its future development are discussed.