关于国家石油储备管理体制和运行机制的思考

Thoughts on China's Oil Reserve Management and Operation System

借鉴国外的管理经验,我国的国家石油储备必须实行政府储备与民间储备相结合的储备模式,高度集中、统一管理的管理体制,以及政府储备和民间储备分开运行的运作模式。政府石油储备宜采取政府直接管理模式。在国家计委设立“国家石油储备办公室”作为国家石油储备的宏观管理部门。国家物资储备局具体负责国家石油储备计划的实施、石油储备基地的管理和储备设施的建设。石油储备基地具体承担石油储备业务的操作和基地的日常维护。对于民间储备的管理,政府的职责主要是建立相关法律,明确企业应承担的义务,由宏现管理部门确定储备总量,分解到相关企业,并对其执行情况进行监督。政府储备必须实行民主集中的科学决策机制,公开竞争的收储、投放机制,多渠道的资金筹措机制,密闭运行的财务管理机制,以及石油储备基地的高效运行机制。民间储备仓储设施建设和日常管理应直接纳入企业生产经营活动中,对于企业由于承担民间储备任务增加的成本,国家财政应给予适当补贴。

I n light of management experiences abroad, China's oil reserve must adopt a highly concentrated and unified management system by combining official state reserves with civilian reserves. However, both reserves should be developed in a parallel manner. The National Oil Reserve Office, under the State Development and Planning Commission, functions as a macro-regulatory department for China's oil reserves. The State Materials Reserve Bureau is held responsible for implementing China's oil reserve plan, managing oil reserve bases and constructing reserve facilities. Oil reserve bases assume the responsibility of conducting oil reserve business and daily maintenance on the bases. The government should set up relevant legislation clarifying the obligations of the enterprises engaged in civilian oil reserve. The macro-regulatory sectors shall fix the total civilian oil reserve volume, assign it to enterprises and supervise its implementation. Official reserves shall work with a unified and scientific decision making system, a fair reserve and operating mechanism, a closed financial management system, and a highly efficient operating mechanism on the oil reserve bases. Construction and management of civil oil reserves and storage facilities shall be directly incorporated in the enterprises' production and management activities. The state financial department shall grant these enterprises proper subsidies for their increased cost.