某经济技术开发区17家印刷企业职业卫生现状

Analysis on occupational health status of 17 printing enterprises in an economic and technological development zone

目的研究某国家级经济技术开发区印刷行业职业病危害因素暴露情况,研究不同类型印刷企业职业卫生管理现状的差异,为职业卫生分类监管工作提出建议。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法,选取某经济技术开发区17家印刷企业。基于企业的《职业病危害因素检测报告》,整理分析职业病危害因素暴露情况;使用自行设计的《印刷企业职业卫生现状调查表》开展现场流行病学调查;采用四格表的Fisher确切概率法对不同类型企业的管理现状进行比较分析。结果噪声是印刷行业超标最严重的危害因素,超标率为24.0%;紫外辐射的超标率为10.0%;化学类危害因素的超标率为1.4%。在个体防护用品的佩戴和岗前职业健康检查方面,内资企业的合格率分别为12.5%和25.0%,明显低于外资企业的55.6%和88.9%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.1)。其他方面的差异无统计学意义(P>0.1)。结论内资印刷企业的职业卫生管理情况较外资企业仍有不足。整体而言,印刷企业需加强职业卫生制度建设,完善职业危害警示标识设置以及加强对劳动者按要求佩戴个体防护用品的监督管理。

[Objective]To study the exposure to occupational hazards in printing industry in a state-level economic and technological development zone,analyze the differences in occupational health management in different kinds of enterprises,and put forward the a proposal for classification and supervision of occupational health.[Methods]The method of stratified random sampling was used to collect 17 printing enterprises in an economic and technological development zone. The status of exposure to occupational hazards was analyzed on the basis of detection reports of occupational hazard factors in enterprises. The field epidemiological investigation was performed by the self-designed questionnaire for occupational health status of printing enterprises. Fisher＇s exact test was used to compare and analyze the occupational health management status in different kinds of printing enterprises.[Results]The noise is the most serious hazard in printing industry,with the exceeding standard rate of24.0%. The exceeding standard rate of ultraviolet radiation and chemical hazard factors was 10.0% and 1.4% respectively. For the results of wearing personal protective equipment and pre-service occupation health examination,the qualified rate in domestically funded enterprises was 12.5% and 25.0% respectively,which were lower than those in foreign-funded enterprises（55.6% and 88.9%）,and the differences were statistically significant（P〈0.01）.There were no statistically significant differences in other domestically funded enterprise（P〉0.01）.[Conclusion]The occupational health management in domestically funded printing enterprises is worse than that in foreign-funded enterprises.On the whole,printing enterprises should strengthen the construction of occupational health system,perfect the setting of warning signs and strengthen supervision on workers wear the personal protective equipment.