摘要
目的了解南京市居民健康饮食行为现状,为制定适合南京居民的健康教育和健康促进措施提供参考依据。方法采用分层随机抽样法,对南京市5 001名15~69周岁常住人口的一般情况及合理膳食行为进行调查。结果调查对象合理饮食相关行为总体形成率为37.4%;行为形成率最高的是"每天吃早餐",为89.5%;其次为"每日摄入足量蔬菜"(52.3%);"每日摄入适量动物性食物(肉类)"、"每日摄入足量水果"、"自觉控制食用盐摄入量"、"自觉控制食用油摄入量"、"每日摄入足量水分"者的比例均未达50%;调查对象中"每日摄入足量牛奶及奶制品"者的比例最低,仅占10.1%。男性和女性健康饮食相关行为总体形成率分别为36.7%和38.0%,女性高于男性,差异具有统计学意义(χ~2=7.985,P〈0.05);3组年龄段调查对象健康饮食相关行为总体形成率分别为37.1%、37.1%和37.9%,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=2.106,P〉0.05);文化程度不同的4组调查对象健康饮食相关行为总体形成率依次为34.2%、36.1%、38.5%和39.8%,差异具有统计学意义(χ~2=70.726,P〈0.05)。结论南京市居民合理膳食行为形成率低,膳食结构不合理。不同性别、年龄及文化程度的居民合理膳食行为各具特点,在今后的健康促进与教育干预工作中,应将合理膳食继续作为重点工作,应针对不同人群的不同特点制定相应策略,在有针对性地做好合理膳食知识和技能传播的同时注重培养和不断强化居民的健康信念,帮助其态度转变以更有效地促进其健康行为的养成。
[Objective]To know the status of health dietary behavior among residents in Nanjing City,provide reference for the development of health education and health promotion measures for the residents of Nanjing City.[Methods] Using stratified random sampling method,the general situation and reasonable dietary behavior of 5 001 residents aged 15-69 years old in Nanjing City were investigated. [Results]Overall formation rate of reasonable dietary behaviors was 37.4%. The formation rate of eating breakfast every day was the highest(89.5%),followed by adequate intake of vegetables daily(52.3%),and the proportions of adequate intake of animal food(meat)daily,adequate intake of fruits,control of edible salt intake,control of edible oil intake,adequate intake of water daily were lower than 50%. The proportion of respondents with adequate intake of milk and milk products daily was the lowest,which was only 10.1%. The formation rate of health dietary behaviors in males and females was 36.7% and 38.0%respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(χ~2=7.985,P〈0.05). The formation rate of health dietary behaviors in three age groups was respectively 37.1%,37.1% and 37.9%,and the difference was not statistically significant(χ~2=2.106,P〈0.05).The formation rate of health dietary behaviors in four education-level group was respectively 34.2%,36.1%,38.5% and 39.8%,and the difference was statistically significant(χ~2=70.726,P〈0.05).[Conclusion]The formation rate of reasonable dietary behaviors in residents is low in Nanjing City,and the dietary structure is unreasonable. The residents in different gender,age and educational level have different characteristics of dietary behavior. In health promotion and education intervention,it is necessary to focus on reasonable dietary,formulate corresponding strategies according to characteristics of different groups,implement the education of reasonable dietary knowledge and skills,develop and strengthen the residents' health belief,to change their attitude and effectively promote the development of health behavior.
作者
胡鸿宝
苟莉莉
石呈
黄芩
黄永康
李金山
HU Hong-b ao GO U Li-li SHI Cheng HUA NG Qin HUA NG Yong-kang LI Jin-shang(Department of Health Education ,Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing Jiangsu, 210003, China)
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2016年第21期2947-2950,共4页
Occupation and Health
基金
南京市医学科技发展项目(YKK13168)
关键词
饮食行为
生活方式
现状调查
Dietary behavior
Life style
Cross-sectional investigation