某部军营一起乙型流感暴发的流行病学调查

Epidemiological investigation of influenza B outbreak in a military base

目的分析某部军营乙型流感暴发疫情的流行病学特征及有效防控措施,为今后部队预防乙型流感疫情暴发提供科学依据。方法采用流行病学调查方法,结合乙型流感临床特征和病原学实验室检测,对该军营暴发的乙型流感疫情进行调查处理。结果本次疫情暴发于2016年2月14—18日,一个独立军营内,共发生病例28人,平均罹患率43.1%,均为战士,以发热、咳嗽、乏力为主要临床表现,病程3~6 d。19名发热患者咽拭子采样检测,17份标本呈乙型流感病毒阳性,阳性率为89.5%。统计分析军营人群患病分布无显著性差异。结论该军营此次群体发病为一典型的乙型流感暴发疫情,目前流感已经成为军队平时、战时非战斗减员的主要原因之一,应引起各级高度重视。

[Objective]To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and effective prevention and control measures of influenza B outbreak in a military base,provide the scientific basis for preventing influenza B outbreak in military bases in future.[Methods]Epidemiological survey combined with clinical features of influenza B and etiological laboratory tests was used to investigate the outbreak in the base.[Results]This outbreak occurred in an isolated military base during the 14 th and 18 th of February 2016. With an attack rate of 43.1%,all 28 cases were soldiers. Main clinical features associated with the outbreak were fever,cough and feeling weak. The course of the disease was 3 to 6 days. 17 of 19 patients with fever were positive in influenza B virus test in their pharyngeal swab,with the positive rate of 89.5%. There was no significant difference in the distribution of cases among the population inside the base. [Conclusion]This outbreak is a typical influenza B epidemic. Currently,influenza is one of the major causes for the military personal reduction in both peace and war time. Therefore,a great deal of attention should be drawn to the prevention of influenza epidemic.