摘要
从动力学出发,导出了二体和三体分子弹性散射的动量分配公式,据此,用计算机模拟了理想气体分子集团长时间碰撞后的行为,证明热平衡态分子动量的麦克斯韦分布主要是由分子的二体碰撞所致,三体碰撞贡献的比例很小.用此方法还研究了器壁对气体动量分布的影响和对气体温度的控制机制,以及气体趋向热平衡的过程.
Based on the momentum distribution theory of two-body and three-body molecular elastic scattering derived from dynamical consideration,a computer simulation was carried out to inspect the behavior of an ideal gas after multiple collisions between molecules,showing that the Maxwell distribution of molecular momentum of the gas in thermal equilibrium state is mainly caused by two-body collision,three-body collision dedicates only a small proportion.Mechanisms of the container＇s impact to the momentum distribution and to the gas＇s temperature controlling can be studied with this method,therefore the process of the gas tending to thermal equilibrium state can be traced.
出处
《物理与工程》
2016年第6期39-42,47,共5页
Physics and Engineering
关键词
动力学模拟
理想气体
分子散射
动量分配公式
麦克斯韦分布
dynamical simulation
ideal gas
molecular scattering
momentum distribution formula
Maxwell distribution
