飞机客舱结构对轰燃影响的仿真研究

Simulation study on the effect of the aircraft cabin structure on the flashover

客舱轰燃的发生直接关系到乘客的生命安全。为研究撞地火灾情景下飞机客舱轰燃的影响因素，基于BFD盹线参数估计模型分析确定轰燃的主要影响因素为开口因子、火灾总燃料载荷和火灾发展系数。利用PyroSim建立客舱结构仿真模型，通过FDS对不同型号的波音和空客飞机进行了仿真模拟，得到轰燃发生时间在160～230s。仿真结果表明，改变客舱表面积即改变客舱的长、宽、高会对开口因子产生直接影响，进而影响轰燃发生时间。

In this paper, we would like to bring about the results of our simulation study on the effect of the aircraft cabin configuration on the flying fiashover, which may have a direct relation with the passengers＇safety and comfort. It is just for this study purpose that we have chosen the opening factor Fo2, the total fire load energy E and the fire growth coefficient t as our key study topics in hoping to find the influential factors under the condition of post-crash fire on the flight safety based on the BFD curve pa- rameter estimation model. The FDS analysis turns out that the opening factor Fo2 has the greatest influence on the incidence of the cabin flashover. In response to the said situation, we have es： tablished a simulation model for different cabin structures and found that such flashovers used to take place mostly between 160 s to 230 s through FDS simulation over the various types of Boeings and Airbus flying vehicles. The results of our simulated in- vestigation show that the surface area of the cabin has a direct effect on the size of the opening factor Fo2, which tends to de- crease and makes the temperature inside the cabin grow up slower with the air flowing in it while the surface area becomes larger. And, simultaneously, the increase of the surface area should also promote the absorption of the heat by the internal materials of the cabin, which, needless to say, may delay the rise of the inside temperature of the cabin, prolong the time for the smoke sprea- ding to the entire cabin and in turn delay the time for the temper- ature to reach the extent of flashover. Therefore, it can be con- cluded that, for the same series of aircraft, the longer the cabin is, the less possible it would be for the flashover to come about. In addition, for the same type of aircraft, the broader the cabin, the less possible the flashover tends to occur. What is more, the fewer the cabin doors may also reduce the opening factors Fo2. Nevertheless, since the number and size of the cabin doors may affect the entire layout of the aircraft, it proves to be necessary to reduce the number of door opens and closes reasonably in case there occurs the post-crash fire so as to delay the flashover incidence. Thus, it can be said that the given study of ours is in a position to provide a theoretical reference to safe evacuation of the passengers as well as to the aircraft safety warranty under the condition of post-crash fire of the air vehicle.