驾驶分心对隧道段行车安全影响分析

Experimental study of the impact of the distracted driving manners on the tunnel traffic safety

为研究驾驶分心对隧道段行车安全的影响,在虚拟驾驶环境下设计次任务试验,要求被试驾驶人执行多组不同类型、难度的手动与无手动次任务,同时利用眼动追踪装置采集驾驶人视觉特征参数。在筛选有效数据的基础上,运用统计学与数据挖掘方法比较驾驶人在隧道内执行不同次任务时,车辆运行速度离散性、视觉搜索区域面积、瞳孔面积变化率和次任务持续时间的差异,并分析统计显著性。结果表明,驾驶人在执行手动次任务、无手动次任务、无次任务3种状态下,执行手动次任务时车辆运行速度离散性最大、视觉搜索区域面积最小、瞳孔面积变化率最大,次任务持续时间最长;无次任务时车辆运行速度离散性最小、视觉搜索区域面积最大、瞳孔面积变化率最小;无手动次任务的试验结果居于两者之间,次任务持续时间最短。上述差异具有统计学显著性,主观感知评价与客观数据具有一致性。研究表明,手动与无手动次任务使驾驶人心理负荷明显增大,手动次任务对驾驶人的影响最为明显,因此驾驶分心次任务对隧道段行车安全影响较大。

This paper is aimed at introducing the results of an experimental study of the impact of the distracted driving manners on the tunnel traffic safety. For the research purpose, we have invited a number of subjects-participants to finish some groups of hand-operated or no-hand involved side-way tasks of different types at various difficult levels, for example by using their visual senses or hand-operated secondary tasks. As compared with freeway driving, driving in tunnel involves more factors that may interfere with the driver＇s attentions and exacerbate the effects of the distraction on the driving safety. In order to study the effects of the distracted driving on the realization of the tunnel traffic safety, we have laid out an experiment to be realized in the virtual driving status-in-situ. To achieve the purpose, we have analyzed the fol- lowing different factors, such as the driving speed discreteness, the visual searching area, the pupil size, the task duration and the significance of statistics according to the filtered effective data with the statistics and data mining methods. The results of our a- nalysis reveal the different driving maneuvers in the above three conditions, including the hand-operating additional maneuvers, free-from-hand maneuvers and free-from any additional maneuvers. We have also found that, when the drivers were doing the hand-operating additional maneuvers, the driving speed discreteness turns to be greatest whereas their visual searching area turns to be smallest, with their pupil size turning to be biggest and the time duration for driving through the tunnel becomes the longest. What is more, when they were free from the additional maneu- vers, their driving speed discreteness turns to be smallest, while their visual searching area turns to be broadest, with their pupil size showing the least variety. Thus, in contrast, when the drivers were free from any additional maneuvers, their driving fea- tures vary between the earlier two conditions, in turn, their driving tasks can be finished during the shortest moment of time. The aforementioned differences we have gained suggest the significance of the statistical records and comparisons we have done and prove consistent with the objective evaluations of data. The results also imply that the drivers ought to have attempted to compensate more for the increased workload when they are passing through the tunnel. In addition, it also implies that the hand-operated and free-from hand-operated additional maneuvers can significantly increase their mental workload, Whose impact on their driving seems to be very obvious. Therefore, in order to guarantee the driver＇s visual comfort and traffic safety, it is of a great need to introduce rules and regulations to prevent and prohibit such additional maneuvers in the tunnel.