基于生态系统管理的滨海湿地保护与管理制度研究

Research on the Protection and Management System of Coastal Wetlands Based on Ecosystem Management

滨海湿地保护与管理制度的不健全是造成滨海湿地面积减少、环境恶化、生态系统服务功能退化的原因之一。目前,生态系统管理理念已被发达国家广泛接受并运用于湿地保护与管理,针对我国滨海湿地保护与管理现状,迫切需要运用生态系统管理理念来研究滨海湿地保护与管理制度。本文首先概括分析了我国滨海湿地保护与管理的现状及存在的问题,其次对生态系统管理理论简要介绍的基础上,分析了滨海湿地实行生态系统管理的必要性,最终提出了三条基于生态系统管理的滨海湿地保护与管理制度:建立专门的滨海湿地保护管理机构、创建滨海湿地信息共享平台及利用"多规合一"优化滨海湿地空间布局。将生态系统管理理念运用于滨海湿地保护与管理制度中,有利于实现滨海湿地资源的有效管理,实现滨海湿地自然、经济、社会的和谐发展。

The unsoundness of the protection and management system for coastal wetlands is one of the reasons that caused the area decreasing, environment deterioration and the degradation of ecosystem services function of coastal wetlands. At present, the theories of ecosystem management are widely accepted and applied to the wetland protection and management by developed countries. To improve the protection and management status of the coastal wetlands in China, it is urgently needed for us to apply these ecosystem management theories to study the protection and management system on coastal wetlands. In this study, we generally summarized the status and existed problem of the protection and management on coastal wetlands in China; made a briefly introduction on the ecosystem management theories, and discussed the necessity of the application of ecosystem management system to coastal wetlands. On the basis of these, we proposed three coastal wetlands protection and management systems based on the ecosystem management theories： setting up the specific protection and management organizations for coastal wetland; establishing the coastal wetlands information sharing platform; taking advantage of the ＂ multiple plans integration＂ to optimize the spatial layout of coastal wetlands. The application of ecosystem management theories to coastal wetlands protection and management system will benefit to the achievement of the effective management on the coastal wetlands resources and the harmonious development of the nature, economy and society of the coastal wetlands.