美国环境非政府组织管理模式探析

Analysis on Organizational Mode of ENGOs in USA

美国非政府组织众多,主要依靠《非营利法人示范法》和《联邦税法典》(IRC)对其进行规制,并通过《外国代理人注册法》管理外国非政府组织。美国环境保护领域的非政府组织具有人员队伍专业化、组织机构国际化、资金渠道多样化、业务领域差异化、活动形式多样化等特征。美国环境非政府组织主要通过影响立法进程与社会舆论发挥重要作用,同时也在环境诉讼、与利益集团关系方面面临诸多挑战。

The USA regulate non-governmental organizations by RMNCA and IRC, and non-USA NGOs by Foreign Agents Registration Act. Environmental NGOs in USA have characters like professionalization of staff, internationalization of organization, diversification of capital sources, differentiation of areas, and diversification of activities etc. Environmental NGOs in USA are playing important role in lawmaking process and affecting public opinion. However, they also face challenges in environmental litigation and relations with interest groups.