北京市河流干涸断流遥感监测分析

Remote Sensing Monitoring and Analysis of River Drying up in Beijing

针对我国北方水资源短缺导致大量河流干涸断流的现状以及河湖水系连通性在水生态环境健康中的重要地位,利用高分辨率遥感影像以北京市为试点对河流干涸断流现状进行了遥感信息提取和空间分析,获取了北京市2015年丰水期河流干涸断流分布情况。监测结果表明:北京市河流干涸断流情况严重,纳入监测的46条河流中15条存在干涸现象,干涸河道长度为227.23公里,占河道总长度的12.98%;3条河流超过50%的河段干涸,永定河干涸河道长达72.24公里;干涸河道主要分布于房山区、大兴区和平谷区,房山区和大兴区干涸河道长度均超过50公里,平谷区干涸比达44.24%;干涸河段上游及沿线均有大量水库闸坝等水利工程,导致河道中水量逐级衰减乃至断流。同时,针对河流干涸断流情况严重的现状提出对策建议,为我国水环境保护提供参考。

The shortage of water resources in the north of China has led to the drying up of a large number of rivers, and it seriously damages the connectivity of fiver system, which plays an important role in water environment. This paper investigates the spatial distribution of dry fiver beds in Beijing in the wet season of 2015 based on remote sensing and GIS analysis using high resolution satellite images. The monitoring results show that the rivers in Beijing are facing serious problem of drying up. In total, 15 of the 46 rivers that include in the monitoring are dry. The total length of dry fiver beds reaches up to 227. 23km, accounting for 12. 98% of the total length of the fiver. In addition, in 3 rivers over half of the length is dry. Especially, the dry river beds of Yongding River reach up to 72. 24km. The dry fiver beds are mainly distributed in Fangshan, Daxing and Pinggu Districts. The total length of dry river beds in Fangshan and Daxing Districts are beth over 50km, and 44. 24% of the rivers in Pinggu district dry up. A large amount of reservoirs and dams are discovered along the rivers and the upstream of the rivers, resulting in gradual attenuation of water quantity and even drying up. At the end, countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to face the situation of severe river drying up, so as to provide reference for the water environment protection in China.