甘肃高山细毛羊不同杂交组合胴体分级和切块分割效果分析

Effect of Carcass Classification and Cutting in Different Cross Combinations of Gansu Alpine Merino

为了研究甘肃高山细毛羊肉用性能杂交改良效果,以澳洲美利奴、邦德、特克塞尔公羊与甘肃高山细毛羊母羊的杂种一代(分别简称澳甘细、邦甘细、特甘细)和甘肃高山细毛羊纯繁羊只(简称甘高细)作为试验对象,参照新西兰羔羊胴体分级标准,评价4个群体6月龄羔羊的胴体分级,建立胴体分割方法,观测切块重量和优质切块比例。胴体分级结果表明,邦甘细为PM级,特甘细和甘高细为PL级,澳甘细为A级。建立胴体分割方法,将左半胴体分割为一等肉(肩部、腰臀部、背腰最长肌)、二等肉(颈部、胸肋部、胸椎和腰椎、腹部)和三等肉(前小腿、后小腿)共9个部位。邦甘细所有切块部位的重量均最大,其颈部重量为0.364 kg,分别比澳甘细、特甘细和甘高细高0.103 kg、0.109 kg和0.078 kg(P<0.01);肩部重量为1.575 kg,分别高0.814 kg、0.329 kg和0.583 kg(P<0.01);腹部重量为0.523 kg,分别高0.300 kg、0.133 kg和0.203 kg(P<0.01)。4个群体间的胸肋部比例、胸椎和腰椎比例无明显差异(P>0.05),邦甘细的肩部比例和腹部比例最大,后小腿比例最小。邦甘细的肩部比例是23.04%,分别较澳甘细、特甘细和甘高细高3.25%、1.80%和3.17%;邦甘细的后小腿比例是5.22%,分别较上述群体低1.73%、0.32%和0.83%。邦甘细一等和二等肉比例为91.30%,高于澳甘细的88.40%、特甘细的91.03%和甘高细的90.39%。由此表明,邦德对甘肃高山细毛羊肉用性能的杂交改良效果最好,不但可以提高6月龄羔羊胴体的分级结果,还能提高胴体切块重量和优质切块比例。

In order to investigate the crossbreeding and improvement effect of meat-type performance in Gansu Alpine Merino,F1 hybrid of Australian Merino × Gansu Alpine Merino（ AG）,Bond × Gansu Alpine Merino（ BG）,Texel ×Gansu Alpine Merino（ TG） and pure breeding of Gansu Alpine Merino（ GG） were taken as test objects. Carcass classification results of 6-month-old lamb from 4 populations were evaluated referring to lamb carcass classification standard of New Zealand. Carcass cutting method was established and cutting weight and the proportion of high quality cutting were observed. The results indicated that carcass classification of BG,TG,GG and AG was PM,PL,PL and A,respectively. Left-half carcass was cut as the first class meat（ shoulder,loin-rump and longissimus dorsi and lumber）,the second class meat（ neck,sternocostal,thoracic and lumber vertebrae,and abdominal） and the thirdclass meat（ fore shank and hind shank）. The weight of all cutting was the maximal in BG. BG＇s neck weight（ 0.364kg） was higher by 0.103 kg,0.109 kg and 0.078 kg than that of AG,TG and GG（ P〈0.01）. BG＇s shoulder weight（ 1.575 kg） was higher by 0.814 kg,0.329 kg and 0.583 kg than that of AG,TG and GG（ P〈0.01）. BG＇s abdominal weight（ 0.523 kg） was higher by 0.300 kg,0.133 kg and 0.203 kg than that of AG,TG and GG（ P〈0.01）. There was no significant differences about the proportions of sternocostal,and thoracic and lumber vertebrae among these 4sheep populations（ P〈0.05）. BG＇s the proportions of shoulder and abdominal were the maximal,but it＇s proportion of hind shank was the minimum. BG＇s the proportion of shoulder（ 23.04%） was higher by 3.25%,1.80% and 3.17%than that of AG,TG and GG,respectively,but its proportion of hind shank（ 5.22%） was lower by 1.73%,0.32%and 0.83% than that of AG,TG and GG,respectively. The total proportion of the first and second class meat in BG was 91.30%,and was higher than that in AG（ 88.40%）,TG（ 91.03%） and GG（ 90.39%）. In conclusion,Bond could not only improve carcass classification result of 6-month-old lamb,but also increase the carcass cutting weight and the proportion of high quality cutting. Therefore,it has the best effect for crossing and improving the meat performance of Gansu Alpine Merino.