美国高校教师创业能力提升策略研究

Research of Strategy for Development of Faculty Entrepreneurship

为解决科研成果转化不畅的问题,美国政府和高校开始重视高校教师创业能力并制定实施了综合提升策略。一是国家科研管理机构和高校设立专门的教师创业能力教育培训项目;二是政府和高校为教师创业提供资助和多项激励政策;三是高校在科研产出评估中增加教师创业能力指标并将其与教师职业发展相联系。提升教师创业能力在促进成果转化方面取得了较大成效,也产生了一些新问题,如科研价值判断和教师科研产出评估方法革新、科研活动形态变化和教师身份复杂化等。

America government and universities made policies about faculty entrepreneurship development in order to promote research commercialization. Firstly, federal government, universities and colleges started entrepreneurship education programs; Secondly, they made many motivation policies including providing fund for faculty start-ups; Thirdly, universities and colleges had new entrepreneurship index for faculty research productivity evaluation and connected the result with faculty scholar development. These policies promoted research commercialization and brought hot dispute about choice of research productivity assessment, change of research activities and faculty identity.