固体废物跨境流动影响因素研究——以向中国流动为例

Study of the Factors Influencing the Cross-border Flow Direction of Solid Waste——To Transfer to China as an Example

进口可用于原材料的固体废物,能够缓解发展中国家原材料相对不足的问题.但是未经筛选处理的固体废物跨境转移,对发展中国家（如中国）会造成次生环境污染.选择中国限制类进口目录和自动许可类进口目录中的电子废旧产品（E类）、废塑料（J类）两大类货物为研究对象,利用12个发达国家和地区自2004-2013年向中国出口固体废物的海关贸易统计数据,通过贸易引力模型研究发达国家固体废物向外输出的主要影响因素以及固体废物输出的新变化,为国家对进口固体废物监管提供相关建议.通过研究分析发现,影响发达国家固体废物输出的因素除了有输出国和目的国的经济规模、人口规模,还发现CO2排放量和人均耗电量以及贸易便利化条件等因素.同时研究发现,这些发达国家的固体废物输出更倾向于人口数量多或人口增长速度快的发展中国家.

Developing countries used imported solid waste as raw materials, can abate the problems of the relative shortage of raw materials. But the cross-border transfer of solid waste which without classification,sorting,processing,cause serious secondary environmental pollution in developing countries such as China. This paper select electronic waste （E）,plastic waste （J） goods as the research object in Chinese restricted class import directory and automatic licensing import directory. Using the Customs statistics data of 12 developed countries and districts which export solid waste to China since 2004--2013,analyze the influential factors, new trend and characteristics which developed countries exporting solid waste to developing countries through trade gravity model,give advice to developing countries for supervision on imported solid waste. In this paper,through the analysis found that the factors influencing export solid waste from the developed countries to destination countries are the CO2 emissions amount and per capita consumption and trade facilitation conditions in addition to economies and population scale of exporting countries. At the same time, the study found that the developed countries are more inclined to export solid waste to those developing countries which have more population or fast population growth.