动态需求下的损耗品生产—零售库存优化

Optimization of Dynamic Demand and Deterioration Products Production-inventory Model

研究一类需求与库存相关的动态需求下损耗品生产—零售库存优化问题。针对分散决策低效率问题,建立数量折扣契约,使得制造商与零售商在各自独立决策时获得集中决策时的优势。引入某连锁蛋糕店的销售数据,进行模型的应用。结果表明:当生产成本过高时,制造商发生亏损;当零售价格过低时,零售商减少订货量导致制造商发生亏损;单位存储费越高,双方利润越低;当订货费或生产准备费增加时,制造商与零售商呈现相反的利润变化趋势;双方均对反映动态需求率的规模参数与形状参数变化敏感,但对形状参数的变化更敏感;采用的数量折扣契约可以协调生产—零售库存系统,但由于话语权的不同,制造商依然获得协调后的大部分利润。

In this article, we study the problem of optimization of Production-inventory model of one manufacturer and one retailer, in which the manufacturer produces deterioration products and the retailer＇s demand is stock-dependent demand. Aiming at the problem of low efficiency of decentralized decision making, a quantity discount contract is established to make the manufacturer and retailer obtain the advantage of centralized decision in their independent decision-making. Products sales data from a cake shop was used to carry out？the application of the model;？the results showed that when the production cost was too high,the manufacturer took a loss; when the retail price was too low,the retailer reduced order quantities,thus making the manufacturer take a loss. The higher storing cost, the lower profit of the manufacturer and the retailer. When ordering cost or production cost increase ,the profit of the manufacturer and the retailer shows opposite trend. Both sides of the manufacturer and the retailer were sensitive to the change of the scale parameter and shape parameter,but were more sensitive to the change of the shape parameter. With the increase of the rate of loss, the profit of the manufacturer and the retailer decreased. The quantity discount contract could coordinate the production- inventory system, because of different discourse power, the manufacturer still got most profit after coordination.