microRNA定量检测方法研究现状

Current research in methods for the quantitative detection of microRNA

MicroRNA（miRNA）是一类由18-24 nt核酸构成的非编码内源性小分子RNA,主要参与真核生物的细胞分化、增殖与凋亡等转录后水平的基因表达调控。研究发现,miRNA与肿瘤、代谢调控、疾病发生及诊断等方面有密切的联系,因此准确且灵敏地进行miRNA的定量检测是深入研究miRNA功能的前提。目前,miRNA定量检测原理主要基于核酸杂交或扩增,包括Northern印迹、微阵列芯片、实时定量PCR、滚环扩增等。本文通过对传统miRNA检测方法、高灵敏度新型miRNA检测方法进行阐述与分析,为筛选合适的miRNA定量检测方法提供参考。

MicroRNA（ miRNA） is a kind of non-coding endogenous small molecule RNA, which is composed of 18- 24 nt nucleic acid. It is mainly involved in the regulation of cell differentiation,proliferation and apoptosis. Mature miRNA sequence is short, highly conservative, stability and other characteristics, which increases a lot of difficulties for accurate detection of miRNA levels. miRNA quantitative detection principle is mainly based on nucleic acid hybridization or amplification, including Northern bloting,microarray chip, real-time quantitative PCR, rolling ring amplification, etc. Through the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the existing miRNA detection technology in recent years,this paper will provide a reference for screening suitable miRNA quantitative detection method.