北京市托幼儿童常见传染病八年变化分析

Analysis of the variation of infectious diseases incidence of preschool children in Beijing

目的了解北京市2008至2015年托幼园所传染病的发病及变化情况。方法采用纵向比较方法对北京市托幼园所2008-2015年儿童传染病年报资料进行分析。结果在8年间监测的儿童传染病中,手足口病呈波浪型起伏,以2008年最高,达到2 344.67/10万,2015年最低为1 044.55/10万;猩红热总体呈上升趋势(趋势χ2=112.893,P<0.05),2011年最高,达到222.46/10万。水痘、流行性腮腺炎、痢疾、急性出血性结膜炎、麻疹均总体呈下降趋势(趋势χ2值分别为866.009、23.821、123.108、104.622、4.460,均P<0.05),肝炎偶发。园所发病率城区高于郊区(χ2=40.496,P<0.05),园所暴发率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.001,P>0.05)。按传染病顺位排列,2008至2014年依次为手足口病、水痘、流行性腮腺炎或猩红热,2015年为手足口病、猩红热、水痘。结论手足口病和水痘是托幼园所重点防控的疾病,猩红热不容忽视;郊区托幼园所应加大管理力度。

Objective To investigate the incidence and its variation of infectious diseases in kindergartens in Beijing from 2008 to 2015. Methods Annual reports of infectious diseases in kindergartens in Beijing from 2008 to 2015 were longitudinally analyzed .Results The incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease was undulating during these eight years , which was highest in 2008 （2 344.67/100 000） and lowest in 2015 （1 044.55/100 000）.The incidence of scarlet fever was increasing and reached peak in 2011 （222.46/100 000） （χ2 =112.893, P〈0.05）.General downward trends of chickenpox , mumps, dysentery, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis and measles were observed （χ2 value was 866.009, 23.821, 123.108, 104.622 and 4.460,respectively, all P〈0.05）.Hepatitis occurred sometimes.The incidence of infectious diseases of preschool children in urban was higher than that in suburbs （χ2 =40.496,P〈0.05）, and the outbreak rate of infectious diseases was not significantly different （χ2 =0.001,P〉0.05）.Hand-foot-mouth disease, chickenpox and mumps/scarlet fever were the top three infectious diseases from 2008 to 2014, and hand-foot-mouth disease , scarlet fever and chickenpox were the top ones in 2015.Conclusion Hand-foot-mouth disease and chickenpox are the focus to be prevented and controlled in kindergartens , including scarlet fever.Supervision should be strengthened in suburbs kindergartens .