患龋儿童口腔行为习惯的调查分析

Investigation and analysis of oral habits of children with dental caries

目的了解患龋学龄前儿童的口腔卫生行为习惯及其家长对口腔健康知识的知晓情况,为龋病儿童健康宣教提供指导。方法采用随机抽样方法选取2015年1至3月在西安交通大学口腔医院儿科就诊的400名学龄前儿童及家长作为调查对象,进行问卷调查,并对资料进行统计学分析。结果不同年龄组学龄前儿童在甜食类食品、睡前进食、首次刷牙年龄、每天刷牙次数方面比较差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为10.761、11.403、12.579、13.577,均P<0.05)。饮食习惯:学龄前儿童58.64%喜欢甜类食品,睡前进食占54.67%;口腔行为习惯:3岁前首次刷牙为30.88%,每天2次刷牙为44.48%;就医情况:以牙齿有洞为主诉的患儿为59.49%,定期检查占13.03%,有18.98%做过干扰措施;家长的认知情况:态度积极,但口腔知识相对不足,有73.65%的家长关注预防保健知识,54.67%的家长通过网络、电视了解口腔卫生知识。结论患龋的学龄前儿童没有养成良好的口腔行为习惯,家长的保健知识有待提高,应通过多种措施提高儿童的口腔保健水平。

Objective To provide a guideline for oral health education by investigating preschool children ’ s oral health behavior and their parents’ awareness of oral health knowledge .Methods From January to March in 2015 totally 400 preschool children and their parents were randomly selected in Hospital of Stomatology of Xi ’ an Jiaotong University .A questionnaire survey of oral health knowledge was conducted and statistical analysis was conducted .Results Statistical significance was found in the differences in taking sweet food , eating before sleep, age of first brush and brush times every day among different groups （χ2 value was 10.761, 11.403, 12.579 and 13.577, respectively, all P〈0.05）.In diet habits, 58.64% preschool children liked to eat sweet food , and 54.67% had eating habit before sleep.In oral habits, only 30.88%of children brushed their teeth for the first time before 3 years old, and 44.48% brushed their teeth twice a day.Considering medical situation , there were 59.49% patients with chief complaint of dental caries , 13.03% had regular medical check-up, and 18.98%took interference measures.In terms of parents’ awareness situation, although they had active attitude on getting oral health knowledge , their knowledge was relatively insufficient .Of the parents, 73.65%paid attention on prevention and health care knowledge, and 54.67%parents obtained knowledge on oral health through video and internet .Conclusion Preschool children with dental caries do not have good oral habits .Parents’ health knowledge needs to be increased .Various measures should be taken to improve children’ s oral health care .