饮食、运动指导对孕妇BMI与分娩方式的影响研究

Effect of diet and exercise guidance on BMI and delivery mode of pregnant women

目的探讨饮食、运动指导对孕妇分娩方式及体质量指数(BMI)的影响作用。方法选取2013年3月至2015年3月建卡后一直在东南大学附属江阴市人民医院产检及分娩的600例孕妇作为研究对象,其中300例接受饮食、运动指导及常规医嘱(指导组),另外300例仅接受常规医嘱指导(对照组),监测两组孕妇的BMI变化及分娩方式。结果孕第24周、36周、分娩时,指导组的BMI值均显著低于对照组(t值分别为2.598、3.729、4.041,均P<0.05)。指导组的阴道顺产率为61.00%,显著的高于对照组的45.67%,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=14.17,P>0.05),指导组的分娩孕周显著大于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(t=12.231,P<0.05)。指导组的巨大儿、宫内窘迫、胎膜早破发生率均显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(χ2值分别为11.395、5.172、11.527,均P<0.05)。结论加强孕期饮食、运动指导有利于合理控制孕妇的体重增值、提高阴道顺产率、提高生育质量。

Objective To investigate the effect of diet and exercise guidance on delivery mode and body mass index （BMI） of pregnant women. Methods From March 2013 to 2015 March totally 600 pregnant women establishing cards, taking prenatal examination and delivering in Jiangyin City People＇ s Hospital of Southeast University were selected as objects, including 300 cases receiving diet and exercise guidance and conventional medical advice in instruction group and another 300 cases only receiving conventional medical advice guidance in control group. BMI changes of pregnant women and delivery mode were monitored for two groups. Results At 24 week, 36 week and delivery time, BMI values of the instruction group were significantly lower than those of the control group （ t value was 2. 598, 3. 729 and 4. 041, respectively, all P 〈0.05）. Vaginal delivery rate in the instruction group was 61.00% , which was higher than that in the control group （45.67%）, and the difference was statistically significant （χ2 = 14. 17, P 〉 0.05 ）. The gestational week of delivery in the instruction group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the difference was significant （t= 12. 231, P 〈 0.05 ）. The incidence rates of macrosomia, fetal distress and premature rupture of membranes in the instruction group were significantly lower than those in the control group with statistically significance （χ2 value was 11. 395, 5. 172 and 11. 527, respectively, all P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion Strengthening prenatal diet and exercise guidance are beneficial to reasonable control of maternal weight gain and improvement of vaginal delivery rate as well as quality of reproduction.