山西省大同市矿区妇女妊娠期缺铁性贫血的调查及分析

Investigation and analysis of women with gestational iron-deficiency anemia in mining area of Datong city

目的调查了解山西省大同市矿区妇女妊娠期缺铁性贫血（IDA）概况，分析其相关危险因素。方法选取2014年至2015年门诊定期产前检查的孕妇1000例进行问卷调查，了解大同市矿区妇女妊娠期IDA发病率，分析IDA发生的相关危险因素，并由检验科进行血样检验，检验指标包括血清铁（Fe）、血清铁蛋白（sF）、血红蛋白（Hb）。结果大同市矿区妇女妊娠期IDA总发病率为23．90％，其中重度IDA发病率为5．40％；各孕期、各年龄段及不同文化程度孕妇IDA发病率比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；Logistic回归分析，孕期的OR值为4．41、P〈0．01，年龄的OR值为3．76、P〈0．01，文化程度的OR值为3．43、P〈0．05，均是IDA的相关危险因素。结论山西省大同市矿区妇女妊娠期IDA发病率较高，发病的相关危险因素主要有孕期、年龄、文化程度。因此，应对大同市矿区备孕妇女加强IDA保健宣传工作，制定合适的干预措施，从孕早期开始补充铁剂，降低孕妇IDA发生率，进而确保孕妇和胎儿的健康。

Objective To investigate the general situation of gestational iron-deficiency anemia （IDA） in mining area of Datong city and to analyze the related risk factors. Methods One thousand pregnant women who underwent regular antenatal examination in outpatient clinic from 2014 to 2015 were surveyed with questionaires. The incidence of gestational IDA in mining area of Datong city was got. The related risk factors of IDA were analyzed. Blood test was performed by the department of laboratory medicine. The test indexes included serum iron （Fe）, serum ferritin （SF） and hemoglobin （Hb）.Results The total incidence of gestational IDA in women in mining area of Datong city was 23.90%, and the severe IDA incidence was 5.40%. There were significant differences in the incidence rate of IDA in pregnant women in different pregnant periods, different age and with different education levels （P 〈 0. 05 ） ; Logistic regression analysis showed that the gestational OR value was 4. 41 （ P 〈 0. 01 ） , OR value of age was 3.76 （ P 〈 0. 01 ） and of education level was 3.43 （ P 〈 0. 05 ） , which were the related risk fac- tors of IDA. Conclusions The incidence of gestational IDA in women in mining area of Datong city is relatively higher. The main related risk factors are pregnancy, age and education level. Therefore, health care education about IDA should be strengthened in women who are prepared for pregnancy in mining are- a of Datong city. Appropriate interventions should be developed. Supplementing iron should be performed in early pregnancy to reduce the incidence of IDA in pregnant women, and to ensure the health of preg- nant women and fetuses.