中国传统武术天人伦理的历史形成研究

Study on the Historical Formation of Chinese Traditional Wushu Ethic of Nature and Man

传统武术天人伦理主要包含天人合德(生生大德、仁之源也)、天人交胜(参赞化育、相待相成)、天人相类(宇宙全息、比附顺应)、天人互融(格物穷理、融摄超越)、天人一体(万物并行、太和高远)等内容。从形成缘由来看,乡土社会对天浓厚的敬畏与归属感,奠定了传统武术天人伦理的基本格调;中国传统文化追求"不隔"的传统,主导了传统武术天人伦理的发展方向;顺天应道、自然有度的养生大原则,稳固了传统武术天人和合的伦理立场;宋明时期格物穷理的主流学术思潮,强化了传统武术师法自然的伦理观念。从历史影响来看,传统武术天人伦理提供了一种体验"无限"的路径,也加重了习武者蹈虚附会的陋习;塑造了习武者博大和包容的胸怀,也滋生了其淡漠人事的消极观念;增强了习武者厚生与利用的思想,也刺激了其个人本位的原始欲望;促进了习武者独立和进取的精神,也酝酿了其缺乏合作意识的习惯;彰显了武术跨越时空的艺术魅力,也强化了习武者盲目尚古的心理。

The traditional Wushu ethic of nature and man mainly contains the common morality （giving birth is the greatest morality and the source of benevolence）, the cross （accommodation and complement of each other）, the similarity （the overall and the operation of the universe is similar with man）, the harmony and the integration （explore the origin then absorb and transcend）, the unity （all things operate parallelly in a broad an lofty vision）,etc. From the point of formation reasons, the fear and the sense of belonging for nature in rural society laid the basic style of traditional Wushu ethic of nature and man; the pursuit of ＂ unseparated＂ in Chinese traditional culture led the development direction of the traditional Wushu ethic of nature and man; the principle of complying with the nature stabilized the ethical stance of traditional Wushu ; the mainstream academic trend of exploring the origins in Ming anti Song dynasties strengthened the ethic of learning from nature in traditional Wushu. From the point of historical influence,the traditional Wushu ethic of nature and man provided an experience of ＂infinite＂ path, but also increased the bad habit of drawing fictitious analogy for the players ; it created for players largeness and inclusive mind, but also brought forth the negative thought of indifference for the interpersonal affairs; it enhanced the players＇ thought of advocating the morality of giving birth and the thought of utilizing things, but also stimulated the original desire of individualism; it promoted the independence and the enterprising spirit of players, but also cultivated the bad habit of absence of cooperation consciousness; it clearly indicated the artistic charm of Wushu across time and space, but also strengthened the players＇ blind admiration for ancient times.