论“村民自治”的转型和“乡-村”关系的重塑

Transformation of Villager's Self-governance and Reshaping of Township-village Relationship

"村民自治"是中国特色社会主义民主政治的重要组成部分。随着经济社会的发展和国家政策的调整,"村民自治"已无法适应和容纳农村社会的发展需要了,其历史使命已经完成。"新型城镇化"发展战略和农村社区建设步伐的加快促使农村基层民主自治由"村民自治"向"居民自治"转型,加上县乡基层政权的行政管理能力与公共服务能力的提升,两者相结合推动了新型乡村社会治理体制初步形成。这种新型乡村社会治理体制既能符合农村经济社会在新的发展条件下对基层民主政治变革所提出的要求,又能满足国家政权有效地控制和改造农村社会的需要,并由此重塑了基层政权与自治乡村的关系,形成了以"服务—监督"为核心的新型"乡—村"关系。

＂Villager＇s self-governance＂ is an important part of socialistic democratic politics with Chinese characteristics. With the economical and social development and the adjustment of national policy, ＂villager＇s self-governance can no longer meet the requirement of rural society＇s development, it has already fulfilled its historical mission. The strategy of new-type urbanization and the construction of rural community speed up to promote rural grass-root democratic self-government system transiting from ＂villager＇s self-governance＂ to ＂resident＇s self-governance＂, and the improvement of township county power at the grass-roots level in public administration and the public service ability, which promotes the new-type rural society＇s governance system to initial shaping. This new-type rural society＇s governance system not only can fit the need of democracy at the grassroots level political change of rural economy under the new developing condition, but also can meet the requirement of state power of controlling and transforming the rural society. And thus, reshape the relationship of grassroots political power and village self-governance, and form a new township-village relationship which with the＂service-supervision＂as the core.