精准扶贫中的国家治理能力分析--以陕西M县精准扶贫实践为例

Analysis on the Capacity of National Governance in Targeted Poverty Alleviation--Take the Practice of Targeted Poverty Alleviation in County M of Shaanxi Province as an Example

社会中心论的国家治理能力是指代表统治阶级履行社会管理职能的能力;国家中心论的国家治理能力则是指国家贯彻和实现自身意志的能力。当前的精准扶贫实践中,国家治理能力更多是指向国家管理内部,通过渗透社会,自主贯彻和实现自身目标和意志的能力,具体表现为国家内部的统领能力、国家对社会的认证能力与规管能力、国家的再分配能力与整合能力等。陕西M县的精准扶贫,在政治动员与检查考核中增强了国家的统领能力;在制定市县劳动收入的统一标准、严格村庄民主评议、建构县乡两级干部双重交叉协作机制中,增强了国家的认证能力与规管能力;在资源再分配中,回应了贫困群体的利益偏好,增强了国家的再分配能力和整合能力。整体而言,在精准扶贫中,国家治理能力呈现不断增强的趋势。但要想实现国家治理能力的健康持续增长,就要进一步处理好政治与行政的关系,提高对社会的规管能力和增强对农民的教育能力等。只有如此,才能不断推动国家治理能力的现代化。

The state governance ability of the social center theory refers to the ability to perform the social management function on behalf of the ruling class; and the one of the state center theory refers to the ability of the state carrying out and realizing its own will. In the practice of the current targeted poverty alleviation, the state governance ability refers to the ability of the state to manage itself, to penetrate the society and to carry out and realize their own goals and will, specifically being characterized by commanding ability within the country, national certification and regulatory capacity on the society, national redistribution ability and integration capability, and so on. In targeted poverty alleviation, M County in Shaanxi Province enhanced the ability of the country＇s command in the political mobilization and inspection and assessment, enhanced national certification and regulatory capacity on the society, in the unified standard of labor income in cities and counties, strict village democratic appraisal and the construction of cadre of County Township two double cross cooperation mechanism, responded to the interests of the poor groups and enhanced national redistribution ability and integration capability in the redistribution of resources. Overall, the national governance capacity has been enhanced in the targeted poverty alleviation. But in order to achieving the healthy growth of national governance capacity, the state should deal with the relationship between politics and administration further, improve the regulatory capacity of the society and enhance the education ability of farmers and so on. Only in this way, can we continue to promote the modernization of national governance capacity.