西藏林芝地区青稞地土壤动物多样性及群落结构

Diversity and community structure of soil animals in barley field in Linzhi,Tibet

【目的】了解西藏林芝地区青稞地土壤动物群落结构及多样性的变化。【方法】于2014年5-10月,对位于西藏大学农牧学院实习农场青稞田内的土壤动物进行了调查,对土壤动物的类群组成及多样性特征指数进行了分析。【结果】共捕获土壤动物536头,隶属3门9纲19目。其中优势类群为线虫动物门线虫纲咀刺目Enoplida、节肢动物门蜱螨亚纲真螨目Acariformes和弹尾纲弹尾目棘跳科Onychiuridae,分别占土壤动物总数的12.87%,26.31%,17.54%;常见类群为环节动物门寡毛纲正蚓目Araneeida,蛛形纲蜘蛛目Araneae和甲螨目Oribatida,原尾目富芫科Fujientomidae,昆虫纲Insecta同翅目Homoptera、半翅目Hemiptera、双翅目Diptera、啮虫目Corrodentia、鞘翅目Coleoptera,占总数的36.94%;稀有类群为节肢动物门双尾目康虫八科Campodeidae、蜈蚣目Scolopendromorpha,鳞翅目夜蛾科Noctuidae,膜翅目Hymenoptera(蚁科Formicidae、姬蜂科Ichneumonidae),等翅目鼻白蚁科Rhinotermitidae,缨翅目管蓟马科Phlaeothripidae,直翅目蝗科Acrididae,占总数的6.34%;上述3类构成西藏林芝地区青稞地土壤动物的主要类群。土壤动物类群多样性指数、均匀性指数动态变化明显,7月份物种多样性指数和优势度指数均最高,10月多样性指数、均匀性指数最低,丰富度指数最高为8月,主要地下害虫为鞘翅目昆虫。【结论】西藏林芝地区青稞田土壤动物群落结构由优势类群、常见类群和稀有类群组成;7月个体总数和优势类群个体总数均达最高。

【Objective】This study aimed to understand the community structure and diversity of soil animals in barley field in Linzhi,Tibet.【Method】The soil animals in barley field in internship farm of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College of Tibet University were investigated from May to October in2014.Improved tullgren funnel was used to separate and collect soil animals.【Result】A total of 536 soil animals were captured during the test belonging to 3phylums,9classes and 19 groups.The dominant groups were Nematoda Nematode Enoplida,Arthropoda Acari Acariformes and Collembola Onychiuridae,accounting for 12.87%,26.31% and 17.54%to total animals,respectively.The common groups were Annelida Oligochaeta,Arachnida Araneae and Oribatida,Protura Fujientomidae,Insecta Insecta（Homoptera,Hemiptera,Diptera,Corrodentia Liposcelididae and Lepidopsocidae,Coleoptera（Curculionidae,Tenebrion-idae,Melolonthidae））,accounting for 36.94%to the total.The rare groups were Arthropoda Diplura Campodeidae,Scolopendromorpha,Lepidoptera Noctuidae,Hymenoptera（Formicidae,Ichneumonidae）,Isoptera Rhinotermitidae,Thysanoptera Phlaeothripidae and Orthoptera Acrididae,which accounted for a total of6.34%.Above three groups were the main groups of barley soil animals in Linzhi.Richness index,diversity index,and evenness index of animals changed significantly with highest values in July and August and lowest values in October.【Conclusion】Soil animal community consisted of dominant,common and rare groups in barley field in Linzhi area.The total number of individuals and dominant groups reached the highest values in July.