奶牛体温变化规律及繁殖应用研究进展

Study Progress on the Rule of Body Temperature and Its Application in Reproduction of Dairy Cattle

自动化、信息化是未来奶牛养殖业发展的重要方向,为突破安静发情母牛的自动化发情监测技术瓶颈,继活动量变化规律之后,体温变化成为母牛繁殖周期规律研究焦点。研究发现,奶牛体温呈现一定年龄特征和昼夜变化规律,同时,成年母牛发情、妊娠及分娩等均表现出特征性体温变化规律,并因测定部位而表现较大差异。其中,阴道与繁殖活动紧密相关,阴道温度变化规律对繁殖行为更具指导意义。另外,温度测定不同程度地受到生殖激素、环境温湿度、疾病、测定方法等因素影响,经过科学分析体温测定影响因素,构建体温数据自动采集技术及数据库,是科学利用体温数据的前提基础,将推动奶牛繁殖与健康管理的自动化、精细化以及智能化。

Automation and information are the important development directions of technologies in dairy industry.To break through the bottleneck of automatically monitoring technology for quiet estrus cows,the regulation pattern of body temperature has become another study focus related to reproductive cycle of dairy cattle after the regulation pattern of activity quantity.Both age and diurnal variation characteristics of body temperature in cow have been shown.Meanwhile,the regulation pattern of body temperature related to estrus,pregnancy and delivery on reproductive cows was observed,and the regulation patterns varied with different measurement sites.Among these detection sites,the regulation pattern of viginal temperature plays a more instructive role in marking reproductive behavior for its close relationship to reproductive activities.Additionally,the body temperature was usually affected by reproductive hormones,environmental conditions,diseases,measurement methods and other factors.The premises of making better use of body temperature data are scientific analysis of factors affecting body temperature and construction of an automatic collection technology and database for it,which will promote the automation,elabo-ration and intelligentization of both cow reproduction and health management.