城里人、乡下人、外来务工人与警察--有关中国警察信任的实证研究

One Country,Three Populations: Trust in Police Among Migrants,Villagers,and Urbanites in China

过去十年间,中国有关民众评价警察的研究大量涌现,但一些被边缘化的社会群体却极少被纳入研究之列。基于对外出务工人员、农村居民和城市居民的相关调查数据,本文研究了中国民众在程序正义和结果正义上的警察信任是否存在差异以及表现性关注和工具性关注是否是预测警察信任的指标。研究发现中国公众在警察信任上往往无法区别程序正义与结果正义的实质不同。与工具性关注相比,表现性关注对警察信任的作用更为显著,诸如信任居委会(村委会)、可感知的法律与秩序及个人生活质量等都是影响警察信任的表现因素。值得注意的是,公众对警察的信任也与新闻媒体密切相关。此外,本文对相关问题未来的研究方向也进行了探讨。

While the past decade has witnessed the burgeoning of research on public assessments of the police in China, marginalized social groups have rarely been considered in this line of inquiry. Using data collected from migrant workers, rural villagers, and urban dwellers, this study assesses whether Chinese perceptions of the police are distinguishable along proce - dural - based trust and outcome - based trust and whether expressive concerns and instrumental concerns are predictive of trust in the police. Findings show that Chinese citizens tend to conflate pro- cedural - based trust and outcome - based trust. Expressive concerns play a more important role than instrumental concerns, with such expressive variables as trust in neighborhood residents committee, perceived law and order, and quality of life influencing trust in the police. Public perceptions of police trustworthiness are also significantly linked to media influence. Directions for future research are discussed.