惩罚主义立法与刑法教义学反思——对“刑法修正案”的逻辑分析与法理展开

Legislation Punishment and Criminal Law Doctrine Reflection——Logic Analysis and Jurisprudence Expansion of Criminal Law Amendment

从1997年刑法典颁布以来,共出台了9个刑法修正案。尽管其中有削减死刑条文、降低刑罚幅度的立法,但总体来看,还是体现了浓厚的惩罚主义色彩。从犯罪论上看,表现为犯罪预备实行化、抽象危险犯增加、法益保护前置及法益抽象化等;从刑罚论上看,表现为资格刑增加、财产性扩张及终身监禁引入等。惩罚主义立法会危及刑法谦抑性、公民权利保障及立法合宪性,并威胁到公民人格尊严。虽然刑法扩张是世界范围内的刑事立法趋向,但对此依然要保持清醒和警惕,需要从不同层面规范刑事司法解释,以推动刑事立法适用的合法性与合理性。

Since the Penal Code in 1997, nine criminal law amendments have been issued. Ahhough there are provisions to cut the death penalty and reduce the magnitude of the penalty legislation, there is a reflection of a strong punishment color. Judging from the criminal theory, the following phenomenon appeared：the crime preparation and potential danger offense are increasing; legal interests protection is in advance and legal interests is abstracted. Seeing from punishment theory, there is an increase of qualification penalty, an expansion of property punishment and the introduction of life imprisonment. Legislative punishment doctrine would jeopardize the restraining criminal law, civil rights protection and the constitutionality of legislation and be a threat to human dignity. Although the expansion of criminal law is a trend worldwide, we have to be awake and alert, trying to standardize the interpretation of criminal justice at different levels in order to promote legitimacy and rationality of criminal legislation.