外资垂直溢出效应对本土企业出口产品质量的影响

The Impact of FDI Vertical Spillover on Domestic Firms' Export Quality

本文采用2000-2007年中国工业企业数据库和海关数据库的数据,估计了外资水平和垂直溢出对本土企业出口产品质量的影响,并改进了既有文献估计外资溢出效应的方法,采用入世前后外资准入政策的变化作为工具变量来检验内生性问题。研究发现:外资对本土企业出口产品质量的正向贡献主要通过后向溢出效应来实现,即下游外资参与程度提高对上游本土企业出口产品质量提升存在显著促进作用;上游外资参与程度提高有助于下游本土企业出口产品质量的提升,但仅对高技术和高质量产品成立,即前向溢出效应部分存在;同行业外资参与程度对本土企业出口产品质量没有显著影响,即水平溢出效应不存在。以上估计结果通过了一系列稳健性检验。这些结论为理解外资如何有助于本土企业实现质量竞争优势提供了一些参考,为调整我国FDI引入结构和加强内外资企业间的关联度提供了政策启示。

One of the major aims in recent development strategy of intema- tional trade growth in China is the improvement ofexport quality. This paper ex- amines the effect of FDI horizontal and vertical spillover on export quality based on the datasets of ASIF and Chinese Custom data from 2000 to 2007. Moreover, this paper improves the methodsused in existing literature to identify the spillover effect of horizontal FDI by taking advantage of the plausibly exogenous relax- ation of FDI regulations upon China＇s WTO accession at the end of 2001. Our research finds that （1） the positive effect of FDI spillover on domestic firms＇ ex- port quality mainly works through backward linkage; （2） the positive effect of FDI spillover through forward linkage is limited to technical-intensive industries and quality-intensive products;（3） there is no significant relationship between FDI horizontal spillover and domestic finns＇ export quality. The results are robust.