摘要
本文基于1998-2007年中国工业企业的微观数据，采用倾向得分匹配的方法，研究了出口对企业生产率的动态影响，并探讨不同类型的出口企业获取生产率溢出的对比情况。结果发现，中国企业各年度的出口均能不同程度地提高企业的生产率，不仅对生产率的增长速度具有一定的正面影响，而且能够显著改变出口企业的生产率变动轨迹。其中，企业第一年初始出口对生产率的提升效果最大，之后呈逐年降低态势。在此基础上的分组研究则进一步发现，初始出口企业和持续出口企业的出口均能显著促进生产率的提高，而企业退出出口市场则会导致生产率下降；私营企业、国有企业和外资企业均能通过出口显著地提高生产率，其中私营企业和国有企业的生产率提高幅度明显高于外资企业。
In this paper, using Chinese micro data operating in the period 1998-2007, we adopt Propensity Score Matching （PSM） to analysis the dynamic effects of export on firms＇ productivity, and compare the significance of produc- tivity gains among the different types of firms. We find that in each year export can improve Chinese firms＇ productivity; it can not only positively affect the growth rate of productivity, but also significantly change export firms＇ productivi- ty trajectories, among which export entrants obtain greatest productivity gains in the first year of export, then the productivity gains diminish. The further group analysis find that both export entrants and continuous export firms can significantly improve their productivity, however firms exiting from export market decrease productivity; both private firms, state-owned firms and foreign firms can improve their productivity through export, the former two get more productivity spillovers, while the latter gets less.
基金
国家自然科学基金项目"我国出口企业市场进入次序的动态选择:基于延迟出口的视角"(71473150)
教育部人文社科项目"我国出口企业市场进入次序的动态选择"(14YJA790045)
