原始伦理规范在社会治理中的地位与作用

The Position and Function of Primitive Ethics in Social Governance

人类进行社会治理的途径主要分为两个方面:一是发挥法律和行政组织规范等外在强制力的作用;二是发挥伦理的内在软约束作用。但在原始社会的治理中则主要是伦理在发挥作用。从伦理规范的角度看,原始集体主义是其核心伦理精神,民主平等为基本伦理原则,团结互助为内部治理的伦理要求,勇敢刚强为外部治理的美德。原始道德尚处于"前道德"的发展阶段,是一种"萌芽"状态的道德,呈现出简单、朴素、粗俗的特点,它主要通过图腾崇拜、禁忌、礼仪、风俗,甚至巫术等形式实现着对生产生活与社会事务的治理。

There are two ways for human social governance：the one is to play the role of external force such as law and administrative organization standard;the other is to play the role of internal soft con-straints of ethics.But in the governance of the primitive society,it is ethics that mainly play a role.From the perspective of ethics,primitive collectivism is the core of its ethics,democracy and equality are the basic ethical principles,unity and mutual assistance are the ethical requirements of the internal govern-ance,and courage and strength are the virtues for the external governance.The original ethics are still in the development stage of＂morality＂and are in the embryonic state of morality,showing as simple,plain and vulgar.It has realized the governance of production life and social affairs mainly through the totem worship,taboo,manners,customs,and even witchcraft.