亨普尔科学理论思想的演进、特征及缺陷

Gradual Progress,Characteristics and Defects of Hempel's Scientific Theory

科学理论问题是科学哲学研究的中心问题,对于科学解释、理论评价等问题的探究起至关重要的作用。亨普尔科学理论思想从初期到晚期有一个明显的演进过程,即初期站在逻辑经验主义立场坚持科学理论的"标准观念",后期则放弃了这一观念,提出包括内部原理和桥梁原理的科学理论"网络结构"模型。总体上,他的科学理论思想的本质特征主要有三个方面:一是以科学概念作为科学理论形成的基础;二是强调科学理论中理论实体的重要地位;三是把解释与理解看做科学理论的主要功能。此外,亨普尔的科学理论思想也存在不可避免的理论缺陷。

Scientific theories are the central problem of the research of philosophy of science,which play a key role in the research of scientific explanation,theoretical evaluation and other issues.In the early stage of scientific theory,Hempel＇s conception of scientific theory was standing on the point of view of logical empiricism and insisted on the “Standard Conception”of scientific theories.Later,he gave up the idea of “Standard Conception”of scientific theory,and finally put forward the reticular structure model of scientific theory,which includes internal principle and bridge principle.His scientific theory has three natural characteristics ：first,scientific conception is the foundation of the formation of scientific theo-ry;second,theoretical entity has very important status in scientific theory;third,explanation and under-standing are the main function of scientific theory.Moreover,Hempel＇s thoughts of scientific theory in-evitably has some theoretical defects.