文艺美学与审美资本主义

Literary Aesthetics and Aesthetic Capitalism

近代文艺美学的两个教条,即"审美经验论"和"艺术的自主性",是导致当代艺术衰落的理论根源。其中的审美经验论导致了审美享乐主义,艺术的自主性则导致了艺术品拜物教,这两点都通向资本主义的市场逻辑,使艺术被资本主义文化产业彻底吸收。当代资本主义从艺术中汲取灵感和动力,把艺术的要素引入生产领域,将艺术的魅力灌注于工业品的生产中,使工业资本主义变成了"审美资本主义"。从马克思主义的美学观点看,艺术的衰落宣告了近代文艺美学的失败,同时也预示了美学获得新生的理论契机,这就是:艺术之原初本质的先验重建如何可能?这一课题需要在马克思政治美学的新平台上展开。

'The theory of aesthetic experience'and 'artistic autonomy'are the two dogmas of modern literary aesthetics,and the theoretical sources of the decline of contemporary art. The theory of aesthetic experience results in aesthetic hedonism while artistic autonomy gives rise to art fetishism,leading to the market logic of capitalism,which in turn leads to art's complete absorption by the cultural industry of capitalism.Contemporary capitalism draws its inspiration and motivation from art,bringing the elements of art into the field of production and pouring the charm of art into the production of industrial products,gradually turning industrial capitalism into aesthetic capitalism. From the perspective of Marxist aesthetics,the decline of art has already declared the failure of modern literary aesthetics. The failure of modern literary aesthetics in turn implies the new theoretical growing points of the revival of the aesthetic—that is,how possible is the transcendental reconstruction of the original essence of art? Work on the revival of the aesthetic should be built on the foundation of Marxist political aesthetics.