清代雍和宫的金瓶掣签——以雍和宫档案为例

The Implementation of Golden Urn Lots-Drawing Institution in Yonghegong(雍和宫) in Qing Dynasty

乾隆五十七年至五十八年,清廷在拉萨大昭寺和北京雍和宫各置一只金瓶,规定以后蒙藏地区呼图克图的呼毕勒罕由金瓶掣签认定。以往研究对西藏金瓶掣签的实施情况有较深入探讨,而对雍和宫的金瓶掣签则关注较少。作者据中国第一历史档案馆保存的雍和宫满、汉、蒙文档案,对蒙古地区各呼图克图呼毕勒罕认定的程序和特点进行探讨。

During 1792- 1793,the Qing court established a golden urn in Jokhang Temple in Lhasa and Yonghegong in Beijing respectively,and regulated that all the reincarnations of Khutuktus in Tibetan and Mongolian regions should be recognized by drawing lots from the golden urn. In previous research,the implementation of lots-drawing from golden urn in Jokhang Temple is well known,while the study of golden urn lots-drawing institution in Yonghegong is few. The publication of Manchu,Han and Mongolian documents of Yonghegong kept in the First Historical Archives of China provides us details of implementation of golden urn lots-drawing in Yonghegong in recognizing reincarnations of several Khutuktus. Based on these documents,this paper further discusses the procedures and characteristics of golden urn lots-drawing institution.