从《中朝商民水陆通商章程》论晚清宗藩体制之争议

Controversy of the Vassal-state system in the “Treaty for Water-route and Land-route Commerce between China and Korea 1882”

通过分析《中朝商民水陆通商章程》,作者认为清政府允许朝鲜开国,由北洋大臣李鸿章主持朝鲜与西方诸国通商事务,拟定该章程,而朝鲜却想趁机变通旧制,谋求与西方诸国同样的平等地位。由于礼部暗中阻碍等原因,李鸿章的构想未能全部实现,只能单方面加重中国驻朝鲜商务委员监督朝鲜君臣的权力,但却让朝鲜更想脱离宗藩体制,寻求自主之路。《中朝商民水陆通商章程》的签订,并未真正强化中朝宗藩关系,反而种下了中朝两国冲突的隐患。

This article explains the derived controversies of the vassal-state system before and after the'Treaty for Water-route and Land-route Commerce between China and Korea'was signed. The Qing government allowed Korea to open up,and appointed Li Hongzhang to be responsible for the commercial relations between Korea and the West,and to make the treaty,while Korea wanted to use this opportunity to achieve the position equaling the West. Due to the opposition of Northern Officers and Ministry of Rites,all Li Hongzhang's plan could not be realized,so the power was increased to the Qing' s Commercial Commissary in Korea to supervise the King and ministers of Korea,which made Korea want to get rid of the vassal-state system and seek a road to independence. So the signing of the Treaty did not strengthen the suzerain-vassal relationship between China and Korea,and on the contrary laid some trouble for potential conflict.