职业紧张对新疆石油作业人员睡眠质量的影响

Effect of Occupational Stress on Sleep Quality of Oil Workers in Xinjiang

[目的]了解新疆石油作业人员的职业紧张水平对其睡眠质量的影响,为制定有针对性的干预措施以提高石油作业人员的身心健康水平和工作效率提供理论依据。[方法]采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,2016年4月选取新疆克拉玛依采油一厂和采油二厂1 225名石油作业人员作为调查对象,应用中文版付出-回报失衡（ERI）量表和中文版匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）问卷对职业紧张情况和睡眠质量进行调查分析,得到有效问卷1 136份。[结果]新疆石油作业人员的PSQI问卷平均得分为5.12±1.84,其中有353名调查对象的得分≥7,占总体的31.07%。男性的PSQI问卷得分为4.23±1.97,低于与女性（5.51±2.14）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;吸烟组PSQI问卷得分为6.13±2.74,高于非吸烟组（4.68±1.93）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。不同经济收入、文化程度及体质指数组间PSQI问卷得分比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。付出量表、回报量表和内在投入量表的高得分组与低得分组间比较,PSQI问卷得分差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,ERI指数〈1.0组的PSQI问卷得分低于≥1.0组。logistic回归结果提示,影响睡眠质量的危险因素是女性及指数ERI≥1.0,OR（95%CI）分别为1.912（1.409-3.175）,9.786（4.210-15.293）。[结论]新疆石油作业人员的睡眠质量不容乐观,ERI影响新疆石油作业人员的睡眠质量。

[Objective] To assess the effect of occupational stress on sleep quality of oil workers in Xinjiang, and provide a theoretical basis for improving physical and mental health and work efficiency of oil workers. [Methods] A cluster random sampling survey on sleep quality and occupational stress related factors was conducted among 1 225 oil workers from No.1 Oil Production Company and No.2 Oil Production Company in Karamay of Xinjiang in April 2016. Chinese version of Effort-Reward Imbalance（ERI） questionnaire and Chinese Version of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index（PSQI） questionnaire were used and 1 136 valid questionnaires were received. [Results] The mean PSQI score of the subjects was 5.12±1.84, of which 353 subjects（31.07%） had a score greater than or equal to 7. Regarding selected demographic variables, the sleep quality score was higher in the smoking group than that in the non-smoking group（6.13±2.74 vs 4.68±1.93, P〈0.05）, and it was also higher in the female group than that in the male group（5.51±2.14 vs 4.23±1.97, P〈0.05）, while the subjects categorized by income, educational level, and body mass index presented no differences in the PSQI score（P〉0.05）. There were significant differences in the PSQI score between the groups with high and low scores of effort, reward, and over-commitment（P〈0.01）. The PSQI score of the ERI index 1.0 group was lower than that of the ERI index ≥1.0 group. According to the results of logistic regression analysis, female gender（OR=1.912, 95%CI： 1.409-3.175） and ERI index ≥1.0（OR=9.786, 95%CI： 4.210-15.293） were the risk factors of sleep quality. [Conclusion] The sleep quality of oil workers is not optimistic, and ERI could affect the sleep quality.