华东地区民航飞行员体质指数及影响因素分析

Analysis of Body Mass Index and Related Affecting Factors Among Civil Pilots in Eastern China

[目的]了解华东地区民航飞行员的体质指数(BMI)及其影响因素,为进一步实施干预,提高飞行员的健康水平提供依据。[方法]对4 023名符合标准的民航飞行员进行问卷调查和体格检查,采用Spearman相关和多元线性回归法分析BMI及其影响因素。[结果]4 023名民航飞行员BMI平均为(23.96±2.58)kg/m^2,超重率为43.3%,肥胖率为6.2%。单因素方差分析显示,不同公司、地区、婚姻状况、年龄的飞行员BMI差异存在统计学意义,未婚者BMI[(23.14±2.55)kg/m^2]较已婚及离异丧偶等其他婚姻状况者的低[(24.21±2.54)kg/m^2和(24.25±2.56)kg/m^2];随着年龄的增大,BMI呈逐渐增大趋势,<30岁的BMI最低,为(23.49±2.63)kg/m^2,>50岁的BMI最高,为(25.30±2.33)kg/m^2。多元线性回归分析显示,少油饮食和低盐饮食与BMI存在负相关,b及其95%CI分别为-0.226(-0.396,-0.055)和-0.181(-0.331,-0.032),均P<0.01;年龄、月平均飞行时间、吸烟、吃早餐与BMI存在正相关,b及其95%CI分别为0.594(0.497,0.690)、0.256(0.163,0.350)、0.363(0.196,0.531)和0.355(0.164,0.547),均P<0.05。[结论]华东地区民航飞行员BMI较高,并与其工作及生活行为因素相关。建议在该人群中开展有效的干预措施,改变不良习惯和生活方式,促进飞行员的健康。

[Objective] To understand body mass index（BMI） and related affecting factors of civil pilots in eastern China, and to provide evidence for further intervention and civil pilots＇ health improvement. [Methods] A total of 4 023 civil pilots meeting the inclusion requirements were selected to conduct questionnaire surveys and physical examinations. BMI and affecting factors were analyzed by Spearman＇s rank correlation and multivariate linear regression model. [Results] For the 4 023 respondents, the average BMI was（23.96±2.58） kg/m^2, the overweight rate was 43.3%, and the obesity rate was 6.2%. According to one-way analysis of variance, there were differences in BMI among the civil pilots grouped by different companies, areas, marital status, and ages; lower BMI was found in the single [（23.14±2.55） kg/m^2] than the married [（24.21±2.54） kg/m^2] and the divorced or widowed [（24.25±2.56） kg/m^2]; BMI increased with the age, with lowest value for the 〈30 years age group [（23.49±2.63） kg/m^2] and highest for the 〉50 years age group [（25.30±2.33） kg/m^2]. According to multivariate linear regression analysis, low fat diet and low salt diet were negatively correlated with BMI, with b（95%CI） of-0.226（-0.396,-0.055） and-0.181（-0.331,-0.032） respectively（both Ps〈0.01）. Age, monthly flight time, smoking, and having breakfast had positive correlations with BMI, with b（95%CI） of 0.594（0.497, 0.690）, 0.256（0.163, 0.350）, 0.363（0.196, 0.531）, and 0.355（0.164, 0.547）, respectively（all Ps〈0.05）. [Conclusion] High BMI is identified in the civil pilots in eastern China and correlated with their working and living behavior related factors. Effective health interventions, therefore, are required to change their unhealthy lifestyles and improve their health.