遵义阳荷种质资源的生物学特性

Biological Characteristics of Zingiber striolatum Germplasm Resources in Zunyi

为阳荷品种选育及高产栽培提供理论依据,采用随机区组试验研究遵义市不同区域阳荷资源的生物学特性。结果表明:不同地区引种的阳荷种质资源其生物学性状差异显著,花瓣、花轴芽苞片及喙状体顶端颜色是区别阳荷资源品种间变异的一个显著特征。开浅黄色花、紫色花瓣,紫红色花芽苞的阳荷品种在色泽感官、口感及开发利用方面具有明显优势。其中,9号出苗最早,12号出苗最晚,二者相差18d;1号的生育期最长,为234d,20号的最短,为169d,二者相差65d;12号花蕾的生长发育时间最短,仅需36d,10号和16号最长,需49d;总根数、根茎芽数及根茎芽颜色,茎基部颜色、茎秆、叶片长、宽、叶柄长和叶舌长度等方面均存在差异;阳荷花瓣颜色主要有浅紫色带白色花纹、紫色、浅黄色和黄色等4种;阳荷的花形基本一致,为唇形花瓣,唇瓣倒卵形。花瓣向外张开、具有芳香气味,肉果皮红色;种子黑色,被白色假种皮;花期7—10月,果期8—10月。

The biological characteristics of Z.striolatum germplasm resources from different areas in Zunyi City was determined by the random block design to provide the theoretical basis for variety breeding and high-yield cultivation of Z.striolatum.Results：There are obviously differences in biological characters among Z.triolatumgermplasm resources from different areas and the color of petal,buds and leaf edge is a distinguishing feature to differentiate variation among different Z.striolatumgermplasm resources.The Z.striolatum varieties with light yellow flowers,purple petals and purple red buds have obvious superiority in color sense,taste and development.The difference in emergence days reaches 18 damong different Z.striolatumgermplasm resources.The growth period of No.1and No.20 is 234d（the longest）and 169d（the shortest）respectively and the difference in growth period is up to 65 d.The bud growing development duration of No.12,No.10 and No.16 is 36d,49 dand 49dseparately.There are differences in total root number,radical bud number,radical bud color,basal stem color,stem,leaf length,leaf width,petiole length and leaf ligule length among different Z.striolatumgermplasm resources.The color of Z.striolatum petals is light purple with white stripes,purple,light yellow and yellow mainly.The flower shape of Z.striolatumgermplasm resources is no difference basically and the shape of petal and lip is lip and obovate respectively.The petal with aromatic odor expands outwards.The color of flesh pericarp is red and the seed with white aril is black.The flowering and fruit-set duration of Z.striolatum germplasm resources is from July to October and from August to October respectively.