生物炭与干旱对马铃薯初花期生长特性的影响

Effect of Biochar and Drought on Growth Characteristics of Potato at Early Flowering Stage

为生物炭在马铃薯高产栽培中的应用提供理论依据,以鲜食马铃薯品种东农311为材料,采用盆栽法,研究生物炭的施用对初花期马铃薯生长及抗旱性的影响。结果表明：干旱胁迫显著降低植株光合系统相关指标（胞间CO2浓度除外）,降低叶片叶绿素含量和各器官干物质积累量,同时影响植株农艺性状。施用生物炭能提高马铃薯叶片的净光合速率16.81%28.98%、蒸腾速率9.5%21.95%和气孔导度28.33%40.48%,降低胞间CO2浓度2.28%4.57%,增强马铃薯初花期叶片的光合积累能力;同时提高马铃薯初花期的叶绿素含量8.57%37.6%,以及植株的株高、主茎数、茎粗,增大各器官的干物质积累量。

The effects of applying biochar on growth and drought resistance of Dongnong 311（a fresh edible potato variety）at early flowering stage were studied by the pot-culture method to provide the theoretical basis for application of biochar in high-yield cultivation of potato.Results：The drought stress decreases the related indexes of plant’s photosynthetic system obviously except for Ci,reduced chlorophyll content of leaves by 24.50%~28.98% and dry matter accumulation of different parts but drought stress has the effect on agronomic traits of potato plants at the same time.The Pn,Tr and Gs of potato leaf are increased by 16.81%~28.98%,9.5%~21.95% and 28.33%~40.48%respectively but Ci of potato leaf is decreased by 2.28% ~4.57% under the condition of biochar application,which increases the photosynthetic accumulation capacity of potato leaf at early flowering stage.Applying biochar can increase8.57%~37.6%leaf chlorophyll content of potato plants at early flowering stage and improve height,main stem number,stem diameter and dry matter accumulation of different parts.