宜州市喀斯特地貌桑园土壤动物群落季节动态与害虫生态调控

Seasonal Dynamics of Soil Fauna Communities and Ecological Regulation of Pests in Mulberry Field with Karst Landform in Yizhou City

为掌握宜州市喀斯特地貌桑园土壤动物群落的季节动态、功能类群及其与害虫生态调控的关系,2012年4月、7月、10月及2013年1月采用手捡法、干漏斗法(Tullgren)和湿漏斗法(Baermann)对宜州市境内桑园土壤动物群落进行调查。结果表明:春、夏、秋、冬四季共捕获土壤动物870只,隶属5门12纲20目22类,优势类群为弹尾目和蜱螨目,常见类群为双翅目幼虫、颤蚓目、泄管纲、鳞翅目幼虫、双尾目、正蚓目、膜翅目和蜘蛛目;桑园土壤动物群落类群数季节动态为春季=夏季=秋季>冬季,个体数季节动态为春季>夏季>秋季>冬季,多样性季节动态为春季>秋季>夏季>冬季;桑园土壤动物可划分为杂食性、植食性、腐食性和捕食性4个功能类群,功能类群间通过作物-害虫-天敌的食物链关系对害虫进行生态调控。

The soil fauna communities in mulberry field were investigated by hand picking,Tullgren and Baermann in April,July and October,2012 and in January,2013 to understand the seasonal dynamics,functional groups and pests’ biological regulation of soil fauna communities in mulberry field with karst landform in Yizhou City.Results：Total 870 soil fauna individuals belonging to 22 groups,20orders,12 classes,5 phyla are captured in Spring,Summer,Autumn and Winter.The dominant groups are Collembola and Acarina.The common groups are Diptera（Larva）,Tubificida,Secernentea,Lepidoptera（Larva）,Diplura,Lumbricida,Hymenoptera and Araneae.The groups,individuals and diversity seasonal dynamics of soil fauna communities are Spring = Summer = Autumn〉 Winter,Spring〉Summer〉Autumn〉Winter and Spring〉Autumn〉Summer〉Winter respectively.The soil fauna in mulberry field can be divided into four functional groups of omnivory,phytophagous,saprophagous and predatism.The biological control of pests can be regulated by the crop-pest-natural enemy relationship among different functional groups in mulberry field.