西南型地方猪品种资源的变化

Change of Indigenous Pig Breed Resources in Southwest China

为西南型地方猪品种资源的保护及利用提供参考,查阅20世纪80年代和21世纪初出版的猪品种志相关文献资料,对西南型地方猪的品种数量、产地分布、群体规模、体型体重、繁殖性能、生产性能等性状进行比较分析。结果表明:20世纪80年代西南型地方猪品种有内江猪、荣昌猪、成华猪、雅南猪、湖川山地猪(鄂西黑猪、盆周山地猪)、乌金猪(柯乐猪、威宁猪、大河猪、凉山猪)和关岭猪,21世纪初有内江猪、荣昌猪、成华猪、雅南猪、湖川山地猪(恩施黑猪、盆周山地猪、合川黑猪、罗盘山猪、渠溪猪、丫杈猪)、乌金猪(柯乐猪、大河猪、昭通猪、凉山猪)和关岭猪。除成华猪、关岭猪和雅南猪的数量减少外,其他品种略有增加;鄂西黑猪改名为恩施黑猪,2011年出版的《中国畜禽遗传资源志——猪志》中新收入西南型地方猪种合川黑猪、罗盘山猪、渠溪猪、丫杈猪和昭通猪,西南型地方猪在体尺体重、繁殖性能、生产性能方面均有不同程度的变化。

The breed quantity,producing area distribution,population scale,body size and weight,reproductive performance and production performance of Southwest indigenous pig resources were compared by looking up the relative literature data published in the 1980 sand at the beginning of 21 century to provide a reference for protection and utilization of Southwest indigenous pig resources.Results：There are Neijiang pig,Rongchang pig,Chenghua pig,Yanan pig,Huchuan mountain pig（E-xi black pig and Penzhou mountain pig）,Wujin pig（Kele pig,Weining pig,Dahe pig and Liangshan pig）and Guanling pig in Southwest indigenous pig resources in the 1980 sand there are Neijiang pig,Rongchang pig,Chenghua pig,Yanan pig,Huchuan pig（Enshi black pig,Penzhou mountain pig,Hechuan black pig,Luopanshan pig,Quxi pig and Yacha pig）,Wujin pig（Kele pig,Dahe pig,Chaotong pig and Liangshan pig）and Guanling pig in Southwest indigenous pig resources at the beginning of 21 century.The quantity of Southwest indigenous pigs increases except for Chenghua pig,Guanling pig and Yanan pig.Hechuan black pig,Luopanshan pig,Quxi pig,Yacha pig and Chaotong pig are newly recorded and Exi black pig is renamed as Enshi black pig in China Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources-Pig in 2011.There are varying degree changes in body size and weight,reproductive performance and production performance of Southwest indigenous pigs.