黑龙江地区大棚栽培草莓不同防寒覆盖方式比较

Comparison on Different Mulching Ways of Strawberry Under Cold Shed in Heilongjiang Province

为冷棚生产草莓安全越冬提供参考依据,以爱萨为供试品种,采用单因素随机区组设计对黑龙江地区冷棚生产草莓水稻秸秆覆盖与塑料薄膜覆盖等不同覆盖方式的防寒越冬效果进行研究。结果表明:与不加覆盖物(CK)相比,覆盖15cm水稻秸秆+塑料薄膜的处理地温变化幅度较小,且一直保持较高地温,最低地温为-7.3℃,高于致使草莓根系发生冻害的低温下线(-8℃);在整个记录(土壤含水量测定试验)过程中,土壤含水量均显著高于CK,且到记录结束时(撤防寒物前)仍然保持在35%;植株及叶片保存率分别为98.54%和91.67%,均显著高于CK的13.96%和12.5%;单株产量和折合单位面积产量分别为186.06g和2 2327.5kg/hm^2,均显著高于CK的122.29g和14 674.5kg/hm^2;草莓植株的返青期、现蕾期、始花期、盛花期和采收期较CK分别提前9d、7d、7d、6d和7d。该防寒覆盖方式可应用于黑龙江地区冷棚草莓生产。

To provide references for safe overwintering of strawberry in cold shed production,singlefactor random block design was employed to study the effects of rice straw and plastic film mulching on overwintering of strawberry under cold shed in Heilongjiang Province,maize variety ＂Aisha＂was used as the study material.Results：When strawberry was mulched with 15cm-thick rice straw and plastic film,the ground temperature range was smaller than CK and always kept at a higher level,The minimum temperature was-7.3℃,higher the temperature limit of freeze injury-8℃;The soil water content was significantly higher than CK and remained at 35%in the whole process;Plant and leaf retention rate were98.54%and 91.67%respectively,significantly higher than CK（13.96%and 12.5%）,Yield per plant and yield per unit area were 186.06 g and 22 327.5kg/hm^2,respectively,higher than CK（122.29 g and14 674.5kg/hm^2）.The turning green stage,budding stage,flowering stage,full-blossom stage and harvesting period were earlier than CK respectively by 9d,7d,7d,6dand 7d.The mulching way could be applied in cold shed strawberry production in Heilongjiang Province.