上海市残疾人耳鼻咽喉科检查结果分析

Otorhinolaryngology Examination Outcome of Disabled Persons in Shanghai

目的了解上海市残疾人的耳鼻咽喉科检查情况,为制定相关健康干预措施提供依据。方法通过上海市残疾人联合会的"康复综合信息平台",收集2011年1月—2014年8月上海市阳光康复中心和2013年1月—2014年6月上海市康复职业培训中心的残疾人耳鼻咽喉科健康体检数据65 659份(上海市阳光康复中心34 361份,上海市康复职业培训中心31 298份)。主要收集内容包括残疾人的基本人口学情况、残疾特征及耳鼻咽喉科体检结果。比较并分析不同性别、年龄、疾病特征残疾人的耳鼻咽喉科异常结果检出情况。结果共检出耳鼻咽喉科异常结果 96种,检出率排在前3位的分别为咽炎(31.90%,14 716/46 126)、耵聍栓塞(7.19%,3 710/51 628)、鼻中隔偏曲(6.48%,3 349/51 645)。(1)不同性别残疾人的咽炎、耵聍栓塞、鼻中隔偏曲、过敏性鼻炎、慢性鼻炎检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);中耳炎、扁桃体肥大、听力下降、鼓膜穿孔、鼓膜内陷检出率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)不同年龄残疾人的咽炎、耵聍栓塞、鼻中隔偏曲、过敏性鼻炎、慢性鼻炎、中耳炎、扁桃体肥大、听力下降、鼓膜穿孔、鼓膜内陷检出率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(3)不同残疾类型残疾人的咽炎、耵聍栓塞、过敏性鼻炎、慢性鼻炎、中耳炎、扁桃体肥大、听力下降、鼓膜穿孔、鼓膜内陷检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);鼻中隔偏曲检出率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(4)不同等级肢体残疾残疾人的咽炎、耵聍栓塞、鼻中隔偏曲、过敏性鼻炎、听力下降检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同等级视力残疾残疾人的咽炎、耵聍栓塞、鼻中隔偏曲检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同等级智力残疾残疾人的耵聍栓塞、慢性鼻炎、扁桃体肥大检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同等级听力残疾残疾人的耵聍栓塞、过敏性鼻炎、慢性鼻炎、中耳炎、听力下降、鼓膜穿孔、鼓膜内陷检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同等级精神残疾残疾人的耵聍栓塞、扁桃体肥大、鼓膜穿孔、鼓膜内陷检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论上海市残疾人的耳鼻咽喉健康状况不容乐观,建议加强对残疾人耳鼻咽喉疾病的防治宣传,以降低其发病率。

Objective To know the otorhinolaryngology examination status of the disabled in Shanghai and provide basis for the development of related health intervention measures. Methods Through the ＂ Comprehensive Information Platform for Rehabilitation＂ of Shanghai Disabled Persons＇ Federation,65 659 health examination data of the disabled in Department of Otorhinolaryngology were collected from Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center from January 2011 to August 2014,and from Shanghai Training Center of Vocation and Rehabilitation from January 2013 to June 2014（ 34 361 in the former institution and31 298 in the latter）. The basic demographic information, disability type, and examination outcomes in Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the disabled were mainly collected. The abnormal results in Department of Otorhinolaryngology of thedisabled with different genders,ages and disease characteristics were compared and analyzed. Results A total of 96 abnormal results were detected,and the ones with the top three detection rate were pharyngitis（ 31. 90%,14 716 /46 126）,impacted cerumen（ 7. 19%,3 710 /51 628）, deviation of nasal septum（ 6. 48%,3 349 /51 645） respectively.（ 1） There were significant differences in the detection rate of pharyngitis,impacted cerumen,deviation of nasal septum,anaphylactic rhinitis and chronic rhinitis of the disabled with different genders（ P〈0. 05）; there were no significant differences in the detection rate of otitis media,hypertrophy of tonsil,hearing loss,tympanic membrane perforation and retracted tympanic membrane（ P〈0. 05）.（ 2） There were significant differences in the detection rate of pharyngitis, impacted cerumen, deviation of nasal septum,anaphylactic rhinitis, chronic rhinitis, otitis media, hypertrophy of tonsil, hearing loss, tympanic membrane perforation and retracted tympanic membrane of the disabled with different ages（ P〈0. 05）.（ 3） There were significant differences in the detection rate of pharyngitis, impacted cerumen, anaphylactic rhinitis, chronic rhinitis, otitis media,hypertrophy of tonsil, hearing loss, tympanic membrane perforation and retracted tympanic membrane of the disabled with different types of disability（ P〈0. 05）; there was no significant difference in the detection rate of deviation of nasal septum（ P〈0. 05）.（ 4） There were significant differences in the detection rate of pharyngitis,impacted cerumen,deviation of nasal septum,anaphylactic rhinitis and hearing loss of the disabled with different levels of limbs disability（ P〈0. 05）; there were significant differences in the detection rate of pharyngitis,impacted cerumen and deviation of nasal septum of the disabled with different levels of vision disability（ P〈0. 05）; there were significant differences in the detection rate of impacted cerumen,chronic rhinitis and hypertrophy of tonsil of the disabled with different levels of intelligence disability（ P〈0. 05）; there were significant differences in the detection rate of impacted cerumen,anaphylactic rhinitis,chronic rhinitis,otitis media,hearing loss,tympanic membrane perforation and retracted tympanic membrane of the disabled with different levels of hearing disability（ P〈0. 05）; there were significant differences in the detection rate of impacted cerumen,hypertrophy of tonsil,tympanic membrane perforation and retracted tympanic membrane of the disabled with different levels of mental disability（ P〈0. 05）.Conclusion The health status of otolaryngology is not optimistic for the disabled in Shanghai. It is suggested to strengthen the prevention and treatment of otorhinolaryngologic diseases of the disabled so as to reduce its incidence.