合肥市高三学生高考前焦虑状况及家庭功能纵向研究

Longitudinal study of anxiety status of grade 3 students of senior middle school and family function before entrance examination in Hefei

目的：探讨合肥市高三学生高考前不同时段的焦虑状况、家庭亲密度及适应性的变化。方法采用随机整群抽样方法抽取合肥市两所普通高中177名高三学生为调查对象，于高考前6个月、2周时采用状态‐特质焦虑问卷、症状自评量表中躯体化和强迫因子及家庭亲密度和适应性量表进行测评分析。结果本组高三男女学生高考前6个月及2周时状态‐特质焦虑问卷的状态焦虑量表、特质焦虑量表评分均显著高于全国常模（P＜0．01）；高考前6个月及2周状态‐特质焦虑问卷总分及状态焦虑量表、特质焦虑量表评分，症状自评量表的躯体化、强迫因子分及家庭亲密度和适应性量表亲密度分量表评分比较差异均无显著性（P＞0．05）；家庭亲密度和适应性量表适应性分量表评分高考前2周较高考前6个月显著增加（P＜0．01）。结论高三学生高考前6个月就已处于焦虑状态，对学生及时进行焦虑情绪评估，可预测临考前焦虑状况，以利于早期干预。家庭适应性随高考来临而增加，家庭环境是高三学生面对高考压力的一个保护性因素。

Objective To explore the changes of anxiety status ,family intimacy and adaptability among grade 3 students of senior middle school in different periods before entrance examination in Hefei .Methods Assessments were conducted with the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory （STAI） ,Self‐reporting Inventory （SCL‐90） and Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale （FACES） in 177 grade 3 students of Hefei 2 senior middle schools in the 6th month and 2nd week before entrance examination .Results Their state and trait anxiety scores of the STAI were significantly higher compared with national norm in the 6th month and 2nd week before entrance examination （P〈0 .01）;there were no significant differences in the total ,state and trait anxiety scores of the STAI ,somatization and obsession of the SCL‐90 ,and cohesion of the FACES between the 6th month and 2nd week before entrance examination （P〉0 .05）;adaptability score increased more significantly in the 2nd week than in the 6th month before entrance examination （P〈0 .01） .Conclusion Grade 3 students of senior middle school are in anxiety state in the 6th month before entrance examination , timely assessments of their anxious emotions could predict examination anxiety status and are beneficial to early intervention .Family adaptability increases with the coming of entrance examination and family envi‐ronment is an important factor coping with examination pressure .