青年马克思批判黑格尔国家观的思想前提研究

Analysis of the Ideological Premise of Marx's Critique on Hegel's Rational Concept of State

青年马克思对黑格尔理性国家观的批判,主要体现在《黑格尔法哲学批判》《论犹太人问题》《黑格尔法哲学批判》导言等手稿和论文中。马克思的反思不是起源于单纯的哲学思辨,而是从事实推导逻辑,他将关注的重点从黑格尔的国家理论转移到国民经济等实际问题上,通过对德、英、法的历史、社会和经济状况的研究,以及对费尔巴哈唯物主义思想的分析,从而获得了批判黑格尔理性国家观的思想前提条件,颠倒了黑格尔关于国家和市民社会关系的观点。对于推动唯物史观的正式确立具有深刻的理论价值。

Young Marx criticized rational concept of state, which is proposed by Hegel in ＂Critique of Hegel＇s Philosophy of Right＂, ＂Problems of Jews＂ and other papers. During this period, Marx discarded the idea of Hegel＇ s idealist philosophy and he accepted Feuerbach＇ s humanistic materialism, which means Marx had begun to establish the new worldview. His reflections on Hegel discourse about the state and civil society relations inherited from Hegel＇ s separation of state and civil society thought, inverted Hegel＇ s view that countries decide civil society. Marx＇ s philosophy reflection was not originated in the pure philosophical speculation, but deduction logic that was derived from the facts. He shifted concentration from Hegel＇ s state theory to practical problems such as the national economy, and through study on the British and French history, social and economic conditions, as well as the analysis of Feuerbach materialism. He inverted Hegel＇ s ideas about state and civil society relations. To the formal establishment of historical materialism, Marx＇ s shifts in thinking have profound theory value.