基于问题学习的教学模式在急诊见习中的应用

Application of problem-based learning in emergency clinical probation

临床见习是医学学习过程中由理论到临床实践的转折点,是通过临床实践促进理论知识融会贯通、提高学习兴趣、培养逻辑思维的重要阶段。理论与临床实践脱节时,面对实际临床问题就会手足无措,不利于急危重症的快速鉴别诊断与针对性治疗。胸痛、腹痛、呼吸困难是急诊科常见症状,北京安贞医院急诊科尤以心血管疾病见长。近年来,基于问题学习的教学模式(PBL)在临床教学中取得了良好的教学效果。在急诊见习中PBL教学具有特殊意义,有助于医学生系统性认识、分析疾病,提高逻辑思维能力。笔者总结了PBL教学在典型急诊病例中应用的经验和体会,以期为急诊医学教学提供经验与帮助。

Clinical probation is the turn point from medical theories towards clinical practice for medical students. During elinieal probation, practice will increase the integration of theories, improve study interest and develop clinical logical thinking. Once theory is divorced from clinical practice, students will be confused in the diagnosis and treat- ment, miss the best opportunity of disease control, especially for acute and critical diseases. Cardiovascular diseases are the specialty of Beijing Anzhen Hospital. Emergency department are experieneed with rapid diagnosis and treatment of acute chest pain, abdominal pain and dyspnea. In recent years, problem-based learning （PBL） has been widely used in clinical teaching and has obtained favorable effects. PBL is more important in emergency clinical probation. Medical students can improve the ability of systemic analysis of disease and make rapid diagnosis through PBL training. The authors summarize the experiences and understandings of PBL in emergency cases, so as to provide experience and help for the teaching of emergency medicine.