《说文解字》亦声部首研究

Research on Yisheng Radicals in Shuowenjiezi（《说文解字》）

亦声部首并非专为统辖亦声字才设立的。《说文》部首的设立,有的根据部首字的结构和意义特点,有的根据部首字的构字功能和参构字的归部需求。在取亦声偏旁给亦声字归部的情况下,部首便成为亦声部首。取亦声偏旁归部,或者是为了避免空部首,或者是因为某个亦声字的义符不是《说文》部首,该字只能按亦声偏旁归部,多数则是“以类相从”的归部原则决定的。“以类相从”的原则,要求把字义特点相同的一组字,取共同的表义偏旁归部。符合这一要求的亦声字按照亦声偏旁归部,导致部首成为亦声部首,亦声字成为部首亦声字。

There were several rules for the law of establishment of radical and classification, the radi- cals should contain every character in dictionary, and no character can free beyond the radicals; any- one was not included in a radical shall be as radical according to the unification of character＇s form and meaning; a set of characters that possess the same ideograph and ideograph feature would be classified in one radical; the character that derive others with itself would be as radical; the existence of radical without any characters（Kong Bushou） was as little as possible, and every character should be divided into a radical; put literal meaning first to classify some characters. The radicals are also pictograph characters. Yisheng radicals were the result of that Yisheng character was regarded as the gist of classification. Yisheng radicals did not alter radicals＇ original ideograph, and their existence were certainly reasonable in the light of the rule of the establishment of radical and classification in Shuowenjiezi （《说文解字》）.