竞争性的图像行动主义：中国网络民族主义的一种视觉传播视角

Contested Visual Activism:A Visual Communications Perspective of Cyber Nationalism in China

视觉文本和民族认同、民族主义之间一直存在着密切的互动关系。传统的学术路径关注国家、政府和精英的角色,体现为国家民族主义的控制;互联网赋予了民众以自我表达和诉求的空间,由此产生了大众民族主义的抗争。网络视觉话语建构过程本身成为网络民族主义的重要话语资源,区别于传统的国家神话叙事架构,在包括权力结构、民间、不同地域人群的多元主体架构下,结合了视觉混搭、网络亚文化、网络迷因等全新的传播特征。本文以视觉传播的独特视角,试图理清如今网络民族主义中的多元主体围绕着视觉资源进行竞争性叙事的动态机制。受启发于邱林川提出的"图像驱动的民族主义"(image-driven nationalism),本研究认为,进入Web2.0时代后,图像文本不仅仅是网络民族主义的"唤起机制",多视像文本的生产和叙事在民族主义身份认同动态过程中,形成了"图像竞争的民族主义"(image-contesting nationalism)的新模式,凸显了多元主体对象征性符号资源的竞争性表达。

There has always been intimate interaction among visual text, national identity and nationalism. While the traditional academic approaches focus on the role of country, government and elites, reflecting the control of nation nationalism, Internet leaves more space for public selfexpression and appeal expression, stimulating the emerging of public nationalism. Online visual discourse is constructed upon the cyber nationalism discourse resource from the grassroots rather than the traditional nation-state myth narrative. As there are multiple subjects in the discourse, including power relations, grassroots society and different regional groups, this construction process is combined with several new Communication characteristics including visual remix, online subculture and Interact meme. This paper tries to figure out how these multiple subjects use visual resources for contesting narrative through the viewpoint of visual communication. Inspired by the concept of image-driven nationalism, this research considers the visual text not just functions as the arouse mechanism for cyber nationalism, but also formulates the new mode of image-contesting nationalism through the dynamic production process.