超越与共享:社会企业研究新进展及未来展望

Beyond and Sharing: New Frontiers and Future Prospects of the Research on Social Enterprises

过去十年社会企业概念已为国内外研究广泛讨论,但是迄今并未向非营利组织概念一般达成统一之界定。本文在追溯社会企业概念缘起基础上,对社会企业研究领域的主要研究学派进行了梳理。这些学派包括创收学派、社会企业光谱学派、社会创新或社会企业家学派、EMES学派及动物园学派。本文进一步探讨了社会企业不同学派视角在中国之运用,提出当前中国的社会企业研究以"动物园学派"视角切入更能契合动态发展中的社会企业生态。

Over the past ten years, the concept of social enterprise has been widely discussed in the domestic and intcvnational academia. However, so far there is not a unified concept on social enterprises. This article sorts out the different research schools on social enterprise, including earned income school, spectrum school, social innovation or social entrepreneurs school, EMES school and zoo school. This paper further discusses the development of these different perspectives in China. Current operational models and difficulties facing social enterprises in China are explored as well. This article argues that the ＂ zoo＂ school may be more appropriate to be used to study the complex and developing ecosystem of social enterprise in China.