行人与不同车型车碰撞事故中头部损伤来源

Study on source of head injury in vehicle-pedestrian accident considering types of vehicles

为更好地了解行人与不同车型车碰撞事故中头部损伤来源,选取轿车、运动型多功能车(SUV)及客车3种典型车型,以车速为变量设计仿真试验。首先借助一个真实案例验证Pc-Crash软件,然后利用该软件开展仿真试验,并用已有模型验证轿车事故中的行人抛距值,最后通过做图分析可知:3种车型事故中行人头部损伤程度均随车速的提升而加重;在相同车速下,SUV事故中行人头部损伤最严重;不同车型事故中,车辆所致损伤最高的是SUV型车,而地面所致损伤最高的是客车;轿车与SUV事故中行人头部损伤主要来源于车辆撞击,而客车事故中行人头部损伤来源较为复杂,但多数情况下来源于地面撞击。

In order to known more information about the source of head injury in vehicle-pedestrian accident, simulation experiments were designed with the velocity as an independent variable. Three types of vehicles were involved in the experiments, including a car, an SUV, and a bus. Further, the Pc-Crash was validated by a vehicle- pedestrian test and then the experiments were conducted by the software. The results show that there is a positive correlation between the head injury and the velocity, that for a given velocity, the worst head injury is caused by the SUV, that the worst head injury by the ground occurs in accidents involving the bus, and that the source of head injury in a car/SUV-pedestrian accident is the vehicle while the source of the head injury in a bus- pedestrian accident is the ground.